Inter-relationships Flashcards
Name the four types of drugs and what they do
Depressants - e.g alcohol . They decrease the activity of the brain this slows down responses of the nervous system causing slow reactions and poor judgement
Stimulants - e.g. Nicotine . Increase the activity of the brain by increasing the number of neurotransmitters. Used to treat depression
Painkillers - decrease the feeling of pain some block nerve impulses at the brain
Hallucinogens they distort what’s heard and seen they alter the pathways that nerve impulses travel
Why is smoking tobacco dangerous
Creates carbon monoxide that can bind with the haemoglobin meaning the blood can take less oxygen. Can deprive foetus in pregnant women. Also contains carcinogens ( chemicals that cause cancer). It is addictive due to the nicotine
Short and long term effects of alcohol
Shot term- slows reactions as it is a depressant , blurred vision and lower inhibitions
Long term- it’s is poisonous ,normally the liver breaks it down but drinking too much can cause deAth of liver cells. It can also cause brain damage
Name the ways which pathogens can spread
Water, food, air, contact, body fluids and animal vectors
Describe the physical barriers that protect from pathogens
The skin, if it is damaged the blood clots to seal cuts. The respiratory system, it is lined with mucus and cilia they catch dust and bacteria before they reach the lungs.
Describe the chemical barriers we have to protect from pathogens
Eyes , they produce tears which have a chemical called lysozyme this kills bacteria. Stomach is filled with hydrochloric acid which kill bacteria in food
What are antiseptics?
Chemicals that destroy bacteria or stop them growing. They are outside the body and are used to clean wounds , they prevent infection rather than treat it.
What are antibiotics
Drugs used inside the body usually taken as a pill or injection. Used to treat patients already infected with bacteria or fungi . Two types. Antibacterials - kill bacteria and Antifungals - kill fungi
How can energy be lost?
Through movement of animals, excretion and heat. Therefore chickens are kept in small cages so they don’t loose any energy
What is a parasite
Live on their hosts and don’t give anything back. Often harms the host examples are fleas, head lice and tape worms
Describe some mutualistic relationships.
DOxpeckers - birds that live on the back of buffalo , they eat pests of the buffalo and alert the animal to predators near by
Cleaner fish eat dead skin and parasites of larger fish in return they get food and avoid being eaten by the larger fishd
Give examples of indicator species in water
Freshwater shrimp and stonefly lava are good indicators for water pollution they show that the water is clean
Blood worms and sludge worms are adapted to live in polluted conditions they are signs of high levels of pollution
Give examples of indicator species for air pollution
Black spot fungus are extremely sensitive to sulfur dioxide and therefore are only found in clean air
Different types of lichen indicate clean or dirty air
Name the four types of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle
Decomposes, turn proteins and urea into ammonia
Nitrifying bacteria , turn ammonia into nitrates
Nitrogen fixing bacteria, turn atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds
Denitrifying bacteria, turn nitrates back into n2 gas
