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Question 1

Main gluconeogenic substrates

Answer 1

Alanine, glutamine, glutamate, lactate

Question 2

Extracelullar electrolytes

Answer 2

Na, Ca, cl

Question 3

Intracellular electrolytes

Answer 3

k, mg, p

Question 4

Name at least two micronutrients with antioxidant properties, and therefore are used to modulate the metabolic response to stress

Answer 4

C and e

Question 5

This mineral has an important role in insulin resistance

Answer 5

chromium

Question 6

This minerals have an important role in wound healing

Answer 6

selenium and zinc

Question 7

This vitamin works as FAD in the hydrogen transport from krebs cycle to respiratory chain

Answer 7

riboflavin

Question 8

The deficiency of this vitamin can be diagnosed megaloblastic anemia

Answer 8

cobalamin

Question 9

This vitamin work as nad in the hydrogen transport from krebbs cycle to respiratory chain

Answer 9

Niacin (b3)

Question 10

The deficiency of this vitamin may cause sideroblastic anemia

Answer 10

Pyridoxine (b6)

Question 11

The deficiency of this vitamin causes beri beri

Answer 11

Thiamine (B1)

Question 12

this vitamin works to unite acetyl coA into the krebs cycle

Answer 12

Pantothenic acid (b5)

Question 13

One of the main functions of this vitamin is in the maturation of erythrocytes

Answer 13

Folic acid

Question 14

Main substrate in the first phase of starvation

Answer 14

Hepatic glycogen and protein

Question 15

Main substrate in the second phase of starvation

Answer 15

lipids from adipose tissue

Question 16

nutrition screening tool recommended by espen for hospitalized patients

Answer 16

NRS

Question 17

Nutrition screening tool recommended for older adults

Answer 17

MNA

Question 18

Nutrition screening tool used in the ICU to assess nutritional support (child)

Answer 18

NUTRIC SCORE

Question 19

Nutrition screening tool recommended for general population

Answer 19

MUST

Question 20

Absolute gastrointestinal contraindications for enteral nutrition

Answer 20

Intestinal obstruction and ileus, severe peritonitis

Question 21

Post pyloric tube feeding is used for patients with

Answer 21

aspiration, gastroparesis, gastro-oesophageal reflux

Question 22

Bolus feeding is

Answer 22

Associated with higher rates of gastrointestinal symptoms compared to continuous infusion, convenient option in stable patients with PEG

Question 23

Modern nasogastric feeding tubes

Answer 23

Cannot be used for more than 4-6 weeks

Question 24

The correct position of an NG tube should be confirmed by

Answer 24

pH of the stomach >5 and or abdominal x ray

Question 25

There are formulas with intact nutrients

Answer 25

Polymeric

Question 26

There are formulas with hydrolyzed nutrients

Answer 26

Olygomeric (polymeric, modules)

Question 27

water on formulas

Answer 27

• standard
• hypercaloric
• hypercaloric

Question 28

When monitoring EN which indication regarding gastric residue should be taken into consideration to start prokinetic and/or slow down the infusion

Answer 28

over 600 ml in 24 hrs, half of the volume infused in the last hour, 500ml in soul measurement

Question 29

Mention the parameter with which we calculate gastric capacity for the bolus

Answer 29

5-7 ml/kg per bolus

Question 30

According to ASPEN and ESPEN how do we advance de infusion rate for continuous enteral nutrition

Answer 30

Star with 20 ml/hr and increase 20 every 6-8 hour according to tolerance until you achieve the infusion rate goal

Question 31

what do i do if the patient didn ́t tolerate the enteral nutrition infusion rate increase?

Answer 31

identify the cause and return to last volume tolerated

Question 32

in order to prevent refeeding syndrome we need to supplement __ of __ via ___ __ min before we start the nutrition administration

Answer 32

-300mg
-thiamine
-intravenosa
-30

Question 33

This are frequent electrolyte imbalances in refeeding syndrome

Answer 33

hipofosfatemia e hipokalemia

Question 34

Refeeding syndrome kcal:

Answer 34

5-10kcal

Question 35

In the management of anemia in a patient with refeeding syndrome, in which way iron supplementation should be administered

Answer 35

after 7 days we started nutritional therapy

Question 36

in the event of having signs of refeeding syndrome you should give ___ mg of ___

Answer 36

300mg
thiamine

Question 37

Aminoacid essentials

Answer 37

Valina
} Leucina
} Isoleucina
} Treonina
} Cisteína* depende de metiotina
} Metionina
} Lisina
} Histidina** solo en niños
} Triptofano
} Tirosina* depende de fenilananina
} fenilalanina

Question 38

Contraindicaciaciones relativas de la Nutrición Enteral

Answer 38

Varices esofágicas, acitis, úlceras, diálisis peritonal, nausea, vomito, diarrea

Question 39

Tipos de sondas

Answer 39

Ostomia, gastrostomia, yeyenostomia, pospilorica etc. Decides cual pones depende del tiempo.
1. Ostomia la usas si ya tiene mayor tiempo

Question 40

Complicaciones Nutrición enteral,

Answer 40

Diarrea, –> Cambio de bolus, de formula, medicamento
Infección–> decirle al medico que no ayude con medicamentos
Tape la sonda–> ponerle otra sonda
Nausea, vomito–Z alargar bolus, cambiar la formula

Question 41

TNT
Total nutrition therapy

Paciente muy critico

Answer 41

cada 2 hrs.
7:00 20ml /hrs
9:00 40ml/hr
11:00 60ml/hr
13:00 71 ml/hr (11)

prohibido en síndrome de la realimentación porwue sino se muere de un shock cardiaco