Inteo Test

Question 1

How does the text define forensic science

Answer 1

The application of science to the criminal and civil laws enforced by the police agencies in a criminal justice system.

Question 2

Why is Orfila the father of modern toxicology

Answer 2

Orfila established toxicology as a legitimate science
He published the first work on the detection and effect of drugs and poisons have on animals

Question 3

What was Galton’s main contribution to forensic science

Answer 3

Galton created the first definitive study of fingerprinting and created the specific field for them.

Question 4

How did Goddard advance the science of firearms examination

Answer 4

Goddard used the comparison microscope to better the examination process of balistics

Question 5

What is Locard’s exchange principle

Answer 5

The cross-transfer of evidence
- a perpetrator of a crime will always leave behind and ‘take’ something from a crime scene
-this can be used to compare suspects with a crime scene

Question 6

What major advance in forensics did CA undertake in 1972

Answer 6

The CA department of Justice created a network of crime labs that integrated forensics with regional and satellite facilities

Question 7

How does the UK forensic system differ from the US

Answer 7

The British system made their forensic labs private

Question 8

How has the emergence of the fee-for-service system affected forensic practices in the UK

Answer 8

it created several private labs that allowed police and defense agencies to work with and use the services.

Question 9

list 3 reasons for the unparalleled growth of crime labs in the 1960s

Answer 9

1. 1960 Supreme Court decisions required police to make evidence more secure
2. The increase in crime rates meant more evidence to be examined
3. DNA profiling led to an expansion in staff and required space for technology

Question 10

how has the structure of the US gov. affected the organization of crime labs

Answer 10

The federal system emphasizes local control over important matters in crime, leading to the growth of local and state crime labs

Question 11

list 3 reasons for the wide variation in total services offered by crime labs

Answer 11

1. stafing and budgeting limits
2. variation sin local laws
3. capabilities of different organizations the labs are attached to

Question 12

basic duties of physical science with examples

Answer 12

The physical science unit offers chemistry, geology, and physics to help examine and identification of evidence
1. Drug Identification
2. Soil/mineral analysis
3. examination of physical evidence

Question 13

what 4 units are typically found in a full-service crime lab

Answer 13

1. Biology unit- DNA profiling/body fluids/hairs and fibers
2. Ballistics unit
3. Questione Document unit
4. Photography unit

Question 14

2 optional units are found in most crime labs

Answer 14

1. Toxicology unit
2. Latent Fingerprinting

Question 15

main functions of a forensic scientist

Answer 15

1. the examination of physical evidence
2. preservation, collection, recognition of physical evidence
3. providing an experts testimony

Question 16

the principle in the Frye case

Answer 16

evidence must be accepted by the general field it belongs to t be admitted into court

Question 17

effect of the Daubert case

Answer 17

required for evidence to be examined by experts before the judge and admit it int court if they chose to

Question 18

lay witness vs. expert witness

Answer 18

1. a lay witness gives testimony based on events and observations from personal knowledge
2. an expert witness examines evidence and create a personal opinion based on their findings

Question 19

3 changes in the body that can help determine the time of death

Answer 19

1. Algor Mortis- change in body temp (1-1.5F per hr after death until environment temp)
2. Rigor Mortis- stiffening of muscles
3. Livor Mortis- the pooling of blood