Intelligent Networks Flashcards
What are the features of Stack Wise?
Joins multiple switches into one logical switch
Managed as a single unit
Has on IP address
One configuration file
What service deploys a computer system, or network of systems, from which computing resources are offered to remote users.
cloud
What are the advantages to the cloud service provider?
Cost reduction from standardization
High utilization through virtualized, shared resources
Easier administration
Fail-in-place operations model
What are the advantages to cloud users?
On demand, self-service resource provisioning
Centralized appearance of resources
Highly available
No local backups
What service model provides the network only and delivers computer infrastructure (platform virtualization environment)?
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
What service provides the operating system and the network and delivers a computing platform and solution stack?
Platform as a Service (Paas)
What service provides the required software, operating system, and network by providing ready to use applications or software?
Software as a Service (SaaS)
What are the three service models that exist from a cloud?
IaaS
Paas
SaaS
What plane is responsible for forwarding frames or packets?
data
What plane is responsible for controlling the forwarding tables that the data plane uses?
control
What changes the networking paradigm by removing “intelligence” from individual devices and transferring it to a central controller and enabling management of networks through software?
SDN (Software-defined networking)
Using _____, business applications tell the SDN controller what they need from the network. Then the controller uses these to pass instructions to network devices, such as routers and switches.
API (Application programming interfaces)
The controller uses _____ API to control individual devices and provide an abstracted network view to upstream applications that use a _____ API.
southbound
northbound
What separates the control plane from the forwarding (data) plane?
SDN
_____ speeds up deployment of new services and reduces cost by virtualizing network devices that were previously sold only as a separate box and by enabling them to run on any server.
NFV (Network Function Virtualization)
Contains network elements (any physical or virtual device that deals with customer traffic)
Data plane
Offers a centralized view of the network, giving the controller the ability to act as the brain of the network
SDN
Represents the core layer of the SDN architecture. It contains SDN controllers, which provide centralized control of the devices in the data plane.
Control plane
Contains SDN applications that communicate their network requirements toward the controller.
Application plane
The SDN controller uses ____ to communicate with the application and data plane.
APIs
Communication with the data plane is defined with _____ interfaces, while services are offered to the application plane using the _____ interface.
southbound
northbound
Configures the flow tables in switches
OpenFlow
Configures devices with XML, transactional.
NETCONF
Describes an industry standard API, which ONF (Open Networking Foundation) defines. It configures white label switches and, as a result, defines the flow path through the network. The actual configuration of the devices is accomplished with the use of NETCONF.
OpenFlow
It is a network management protocol that the IETF standardized. It provides mechanisms to install, manipulate, and delete the configuration of network devices via RPC mechanisms. The messages are encoded by using XML.
NETCONF
An open-standard protocol that provides a distributed control system that is based on a declarative policy information model.
OpFlex
_____ is a protocol that allows you to modify the configuration of a networking device, whereas _____ is a protocol that allows you to modify its forwarding table.
NETCONF
OpenFlow
What interfaces are responsible for the communication between the SDN controller and the services that run over the network.
Northbound
Allows you to use open programmability APIs for policy-based management and security through a single controller and provides you with abstraction of the network, further simplifying the management of network services.
Cisco APIC-EM (Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller Enterprise Module)
What are some of the benefits of APIC-EM
Consistency
Automation
Open and programmable
Support greenfield and brownfield deployments
What feature of APIC-EM scans the network and provides the inventory, including all network devices?
Network Information Database
What feature of APIC-EM helps you discover a new network device, and creates a network information database entry for it and then automatically configures it?
Zero-touch deployment
What feature of APIC-EM helps you discover and map network devices to a physical topology with detailed-level data (including the discovered hosts)
Network topology visualization
What feature of APIC-EM can track user identities and endpoints by exchanging the information with the Cisco Identity Service Engine (Cisco ISE)
Identity Manager
What feature of APIC-EM translates a business policy into a network device-level policy. It can enforce the policy for a specific user at various times of the day, across wired and wireless networks.
Policy Manager
What feature of APIC-EM accelerates ACL management by querying and analyzing ACLs on each network device. It can quickly identify ACL misconfiguration.
ACL analysis
What feature of APIC-EM allows you to quickly set and enforce QoS priority policies.
QoS deployment and change management
What feature of APIC-EM simplifies the provisioning of IWAN network profiles with simple business policies?
Cisco Intelligent WAN (IWAN)
What SDN architecture layer does Cisco APIC-EM fit in?
control
What solution gives you a way to take advantage of cheaper bandwidth at branch locations, without compromising application performance, availability, or security
Cisco IWAN
What are the four components of IWAN?
Transport-dependent connectivity
Intelligent path control
Application optimization
Secure connectivity
What IWAN component provides a DMVPN-based overlay accross all available connectivity and provides one network with a single routing domain?
Transport-independent connectivity
Uses Cisco Performance Routing (PfR), which dynamically controls data packet forwarding decisions by looking at the application type, performance, policies, and path status.
Intelligent path control
Uses Cisco AVC (Application Visibility and Control) and Cisco WAAS (Wide Area Application Services) giving a better visibility and optimizes application performance over WAN links
Application optimization
Component of Cisco IWAN that takes advantage of varying VPN, firewall, network segmentation, and security features.
Highly secure connectivity
Which cloud service model is the customer responsible for managing the operating system, software, platform, and applications?
IaaS
Between which two planes are SDN southbound interfaces used?
Control plane and Data plane
What three layers are part of the SDN architecture?
data
control
application
What is the only plane that is capable of communicating directly with each of the other planes?
control plane
What plane does Cisco IWAN operate in?
SDN application plane
The Cisco APIC-EM Path Trace tool detects an unknown device. What will the GUI most likely display to indicate the unknown device?
the ? label
The Path Trace tool GUI will display the _____ label when it detects that a device is making load balancing decisions.
ECMP
The Path Trace tool GUI will display the _____ label when it detects that VLAN forwarding is responsible for the flow of traffic from the source
Switched
The Path Trace tool GUI will display the _____ label if it detects that STP is responsible for the flow of traffic from the source.
STP
The Path Trace tool GUI will display the _____ label when it detects that a Layer 3 mechanism is being used to forward traffic.
Routed
The Path Trace tool GUI will display the _____ label if the link source destination is based on test from a trace route.
Trace Route
Uses a network information database to scan the inventory of the network, which can then be used to map the physical topology. It is capable of identifying ACLs, EIGRP, HSRP, and VRF (VPN Routing and Forwarding)
APIC-EM
In a StackWise setup, what switch is elected as the stack master?
switch with the highest priority value
Which of the following is true of the APIC-EM Path Trace tool’s analysis? It analyzes entries of individual ACL independently It can be performed on only ingress interfaces It analyzes each ACL independently throughout the path It can be performed on only egress interfaces
It analyzes each ACL independently throughout the path
Network architecture where control plane functions reside in a centralized SDN controller
Centralized Control Plane
An API that uses HTTP messages (GET or PUT) to send information from an application to an SDN controller.
REST (Representational State Transfer)
What is the branding of Cisco’s SDN solution that utilizes a centralized control plane?
Note: Used with newer routers and switches that can support it.
APIC-ACI
Cisco SDN controller that can communicate with traditional routers and switches via southbound interfaces such as Telnet, SSH, and SNMP. Supports programmability but not a centralized control plane Note: Control plane exists in the devices themselves
APIC-EM
What service provided by service providers uses an Internet-enabled licensing function, a streaming service, or a web application to provide end users with software that they might otherwise install and activate locally.
Saas
The licensee is using the third party’s development tools or API to develop and deploy specific cloud-based applications. Examples of this would be Cloud9, Orion, and Koding.
PaaS
These interfaces connect to network physical devices, which are typically linked to the SDN by using a service abstraction layer (SAL).
Southbound
A database, or registry, of the services provided by the southbound APIs. The APIs are bound to the registry so that it can service an application’s request.
SAL
What cloud service model would include Microsoft Office 365, Google Drive, and iCloud?
SaaS
Enables the network to take advantage of many access ports on multiple interconnected physical switches, which reduces the administrative burden of managing multiple switches. Also enables you to add and remove physical switches without significant downtime, thereby preserving network availability and performance.
StackWise
Visual path tracer that enables you to determine at what device a specific type of traffic is being blocked or dropped.
APIC-EM path trace tool
What does the path tracer take into account when tracing its path?
source address
destination address
transport protocol
destination port
When path tracer encounters an ACL, it analyzes the entries of the ACL _____, in the same way the ACL would be applied to traffic.
cumulatively
What is the APIC-EM path trace tool capable of identifying?
ACLs
EIGRP
HSRP
VPN Routing and forwarding (VRF)
SVIs
Layer 2 technologies and port channels
Layer 3 routing protocols
NetFlow subinterfaces
What does APIC use to scan and inventory the network?
Network information database
When a StackWise configuration is used, will the failure of a single switch result in an outage?
No
What prompts a StackWise master switch election?
A stack is reset
The stack master is powered off
The stack master is removed
The stack master has failed
A new switch is added to the stack
In addition to the stack member ID number, all members of a stack have a priority value in the range from ____ to ____.
1 - 15
What is the default priority value of a stack member?
1
What is the criteria, in order, of how a switch is elected to be the master switch?
Already the master switch
Highest stack priority value
Nondefault interface-level configuration
Higher hardware or software priority as determined by version
Longest uptime
Lowest MAC address
Typically operates between Layer 2 and Layer 3 of the OSI network model and is used to speed packet delivery over multiple protocols such as IP and Frame Relay
MPLS
MPLS consists of what planes?
data (forwarding) control
In a Cisco Internet gateway router, the _____ plane exists on a separate card from the data plane.
routing
A virtual instance of a traditional network device that a consumer can use in a cloud
Virtual Network Function
Single instance of an operating system
Virtual machine (VM)
Virtual version of a networking appliance, such as a virtual router (like the Cisco CSR) or virtual firewall (like the Cisco ASAv).
Virtual Networking Function (VNF)
How does iWAN accomplish increased bandwidth across an enterprise?
By using application SLAs and Cisco PfR to dynamically route application traffic
What are three factors a network administrator must consider before implementing Netflow in the network?
CPU utilization
where Netflow data will be sent
number of devices exporting Netflow data
Which option is a benefit of switch stacking?
- It provides redundancy with no impact on resource usage
- It simplifies adding and removing hosts
- It supports better performance of high-needs applications
- It provides higher port density with better resource usage
It provides higher port density with better resource usage
Which Cisco platform can verify ACLs? Cisco Prime infrastructure Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Cisco APIC-EM Cisco IOS-XE
Cisco Wireless LAN controller
Which option is the benefit of implementing an intelligent DNS for a cloud computing solution? -It reduces the need for a backup data center - It can redirect user requests to locations that are using fewer network resources - It enables the ISP to maintain DNS records automatically - It eliminates the need for a GSS
It can redirect user requests to locations that are using fewer network resources
Which component of the Cisco SDN solution serves as the centralized management system?
Cisco OpenDaylight
Cisco ACI
Cisco APIC
Cisco IWAN
Cisco ACI
What are three values that must be the same within a sequence of packets for Netflow to consider them a network flow? (Choose three.)
A. source IP address
B. source MAC address
C. egress interface
D. ingress interface
E. destination IP address
F. IP next-hop
A. source IP address
D. ingress interface
E. destination IP address
What Cisco IOS feature can be enabled to pinpoint an application that is causing slow network performance?
A. SNMP
B. Netflow
C. WCCP
D. IP SLA
B. Netflow
What are the three things that the Netflow uses to consider the traffic to be in a same flow?
A. IP address
B. Interface name
C. Port numbers
D. L3 protocol type
E. MAC address
A. IP address
C. Port numbers
E. MAC address
What are the benefit of using Netflow? (Choose three.)
A. Network, Application & User Monitoring
B. Network Planning
C. Security Analysis
D. Accounting/Billing
A. Network, Application & User Monitoring
C. Security Analysis
D. Accounting/Billing
What are three factors a network administrator must consider before implementing Netflow in the network? (Choose three.)
A. CPU utilization
B. where Netflow data will be sent
C. number of devices exporting Netflow data
D. port availability
E. SNMP version
F. WAN encapsulation
A. CPU utilization
B. where Netflow data will be sent
C. number of devices exporting Netflow data
What are three reasons to collect Netflow data on a company network? (Choose three.)
A. To identify applications causing congestion.
B. To authorize user network access.
C. To report and alert link up / down instances.
D. To diagnose slow network performance, bandwidth hogs, and bandwidth utilization.
E. To detect suboptimal routing in the network.
F. To confirm the appropriate amount of bandwidth that has been allocated to each Class of Service.
A. To identify applications causing congestion.
D. To diagnose slow network performance, bandwidth hogs, and bandwidth utilization.
F. To confirm the appropriate amount of bandwidth that has been allocated to each Class of Service.
What command visualizes the general NetFlow data on the command line?
A. show ip flow export
B. show ip flow top-talkers
C. show ip cache flow
D. show mls sampling
E. show mls netflow ip
C. show ip cache flow
What Netflow component can be applied to an interface to track IPv4 traffic?
A. flow monitor
B. flow record
C. flow sampler
D. flow exporter
A. flow monitor
Which Cisco platform can verify ACLs?
A. Cisco Prime Infrastructure
B. Cisco Wireless LAN Controller
C. Cisco APIC-EM
D. Cisco IOS-XE
B. Cisco Wireless LAN Controller
Purpose-built WAN service that connects to enterprises as well as most public cloud providers, using the same kinds of private WAN technology with those same benefits.
Intercloud Exchange
Which option is the benefit of implementing an intelligent DNS for a cloud computing solution?
A. It reduces the need for a backup data center.
B. It can redirect user requests to locations that are using fewer network resources.
C. It enables the ISP to maintain DNS records automatically.
D. It eliminates the need for a GSS.
B. It can redirect user requests to locations that are using fewer network resources.
Which component of the Cisco SDN solution serves as the centralized management system?
A. Cisco OpenDaylight
B. Cisco ACI
C. Cisco APIC
D. Cisco IWAN
B. Cisco ACI
