Intelligence In Non-human Animals

Question 1

AO1

Self recognition - Gallup
Machiavellian deception - Woodruff & Premack
Social learning - Suzuki

Answer 1

Self recoginition - attributable to large and highly developed brains
Gallup - mirror in chimps cage - investigated their bodies - placed under light anaesthetic and small dot placed on - touched own forehead not reflection

Mach deception - must understand what other animals
W&P - chimps saw trainers put food under 1 of 2 containers - men either “competitor” or “cooperator” former been seen acting agg - in order to get food chimps had to guide to correct container - 2/4 guided competitor away

Social learning - depends on situation whether beh is copied
Suzuki - Japanese macaques - one of the troop wondered into a spring - not imp to survival but now an innate part of macaque culture

Question 2

AO2 -

Beh reductionist
Hayes
Rheeus monkeys
Kawaii
Plotnik

Answer 2

Beh reductionist - may be operant conditioning as all tended to get reward regardless

Hayes - conceptual leap too far - order effects - more active in after condition

Rheeus - considered one of the most int species - form alliances but fail in mirror recognisation

Kawaii - in order to be observed researchers threw food onto the beach - Young monkey began washing it in the sea - in a short period 80% of young were copied BUT may be operant cond

Plotnik - 3 Asian elephants enclosure - all showed signs of interaction - marked with visible paint dot and odourless clear one - one showed clear evidence in looking at real but not sham mark - but may be due to elephants disinterest in grooming