intelligence and development

Question 1

what approach did Francis Galton create?

Answer 1

heritability approach

Question 2

what approach did Alfred Binet create?

Answer 2

experiental approach?

Question 3

what did Galton do?

Answer 3

• founded psychometric approach
• intelligence reflects efficacy of operation of simple neural processes
• greater intelligence= better sensory acuity and quicker reaction times (biological differences)
• intelligence fixed at birth by physiological limitation
  some biologically superior to others

Question 4

what did Jensen do?

Answer 4

• argues there are population differences
• believes white people are superior
• heritable component but intelligence cannot be inherited
• intelligence interacts with opportunity, motivation, and education
  1. intelligence reflects single global factor- general intelligence
  2. genetic differences between populations cause group differences in intelligence

Question 5

what did Binet do?

Answer 5

• intelligence is a flexible expression of our experiences mediated through our higher interpretive faculties- knowledge, logic, reasoning and judgement
• not born with inherited intelligence
• social advantages improve intelligence not genetic superiority
• education= intelligence develops across childhood
• most focus on child’s environment: education and wider social experiences (housing, diet, quality of care)

Question 6

what did Anderson do?

Answer 6

• minimal cognitive architecture underlying intelligence and development
• underlying fixed physiological processes account for general intelligence (IQ)
• specific cognitive information processing modules are developed through experience (cognitive development)