Intelligence and Attainment

Question 1

Galton 1880

Answer 1

• first to attempt to measure intelligence scientifically
• used physical and behavioural measures
• saw intelligence as an underlying trait that influences a person’s performance on all tasks
• tests were not linked to person’s role in society (depended on class)

Question 2

Binet and Simon 1905

Answer 2

• tests should be able to identify children who are failing in school
• used tests that the children usually used and placed in order of difficulty
• found that they were effective in identifying children who needed extra help

Question 3

Terman 1916

Answer 3

• developed the IQ test using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
• calculated score through a ratio of mental age to real age
• developed a different scale for each age group

Question 4

Weschler 1939

Answer 4

• test still used today, on fourth edition

- has to be standardized every time

Question 5

Gardner 1983

Answer 5

• believed there are multiple intelligences