Intelligence Flashcards
Intelligence
Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Factor Analysis
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score.
General Intelligence
According to Spearman and others, this underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
Savant Syndrome
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
Creativity
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
Intelligence Test
A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
Mental Age
The average age at which children could successfully answer a particular level of questions. a measure of intelligence devised by Binet; the age at which a person is mentally performing at. It can be higher, lower, or the same as their chronological age.
Stanford-Binet
The widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test. Louis Terman of Stanford University created it.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Originally defined as the mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100. Developed by Louis Terman.
Aptitude Tests
Tests designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn. SAT, and IQ test are examples.
Achievement Tests
Tests designed to assess what a person has learned. The AP Psychology Exam is an example.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
The most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
Standardization
The process of giving the test to a large group of representative and randomly selected people to establish consistent methods administration.
Normal Curve
A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes.
Reliability
The extent to which a test yields consistent results. a test can be reliable but not valid. Can determine by retesting or by comparing the consistency of scores on two halves of the test (split half reliability).
Validity
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. In order for a test to be valid it has to be reliable.
Content Validity
The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. The AP Psychology exam will measure your knowledge of Psychology, and not Chemistry.
Criterion
The behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity.
Predictive Validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. The SATs have predictive validity.
Mental Retardation
A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound.
Down Syndrome
A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup.
Stereotype Threat
A self- confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
