Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situation

Question 2

Factor Analysis

Answer 2

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to indenting different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score

Question 3

General Intelligence (g)

Answer 3

A general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlie specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Question 4

Savant Syndrome

Answer 4

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computing and drawing

Question 5

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 5

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 6

Creativity

Answer 6

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Question 7

Intelligence Test

Answer 7

A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

Question 8

Mental Age

Answer 8

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance

Question 9

Stanford-Binet

Answer 9

The widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test

Question 10

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 10

Defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age. Mental age/chronological age=IQ

Question 11

Aptitude Test

Answer 11

A test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn

Question 12

Achievement Test

Answer 12

A test designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 13

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 13

The most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) sub-tests

Question 14

Standardization

Answer 14

Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group

Question 15

Normal Curve

Answer 15

The systematic bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes

Question 16

Reliability

Answer 16

The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

Question 17

Validity

Answer 17

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Question 19

Criterion

Answer 19

The behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict; thus; the measure used to defining whether the test has predictive validity

Question 20

Predictive Validity (Criterion-Related Validity)

Answer 20

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assess by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

Question 21

Mental Retardation

Answer 21

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

Question 22

Down Syndrome

Answer 22

A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

Question 23

Stereotype Threat

Answer 23

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

Question 24

Content Validity

Answer 24

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks)