Intelligence Flashcards
Multifaceted capacity that manifests itself in different ways across all life span.
Intelligence
Existence of systematic individual differences in the performance of tasks that involve the manipulation, retrieval, evaluation or processing of information.
Intelligence
According to him, intelligence is inherited and that mental processes cannot be separated because they interact together.
Francis Galton
Francis Galton posited that the most intelligent person’s were those equipped with the best __.
Sensory abilities
According to him, intelligence is the degree of availability of one’s experiences for the solution of his present problems and the anticipation of future ones.
Henry Goddard
She developed the cognition in children and state that intelligence may be conceived of as a kind of evolving biological adaptation to the outside world.
Jean Piaget
Refers to organized action of mental structure that when applied to the world leads to knowing or understanding.
Schema/Schemata
He defined intelligence as the aggregate of the global capacity of the individuals to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with his environment.
David Wechsler
Lewis Terman believed that the _ meant to quantify intellectual functioning to allow comparison among individuals.
Intelligence quotient or IQ
Formula to get IQ.
Mental age/ Chronological age x 100
What model did Charles Spearman developed?
Model of General Mental Ability or Two Factor Theory Intelligence
What are the 2 factor theory of intelligence?
General ability (g)
Special abilities (s)
Ability required for performance of mental tests of all kinds; Spearman called this kind of “mental energy” that underlies the specific factors.
General ability (g)
Abilities required for performance on just one kind of mental test.
Special abilities (s)
What are the 7 primary mental abilities according to Louis Leon Thurstone?
Verbal comprehension
Word Fluency
Number
Space
Associative memory
Perceptual speed
Induction or General Reasoning
Raymond Cattell believed that “g’s” has two related but distinct components which are:
Fluid Intelligence
Crystallized Intelligence
The ability to see relationships as in analogies and letters and numbers series. Primary reasoning ability. It decreases as one ages.
Fluid Intelligence
Acquired knowledge and skills or also known as Factual knowledge. This increases with age.
Crystallized Intelligence
He proposed additional factors to Cattell’s types, which include vulnerable and maintained abilities.
John L. Horn
What factors did John L. Horn proposed to add to Cattell’s?
Visual processing (Gv)
Auditory processing (Ga)
Quantitative processing (Gq)
Speed Processing (Gs)
Reading and writing (Grw)
Short-term memory (Gsm)
Long term storage and retrieval (Glr)
What theory did John B. Carrol proposed?
Three Stratum Theory
How many abilities and processes is the second stratum of 3 Stratum theory composed of?
8
What is the composition of the first stratum in 3 Stratum theory?
Level/speed factor each
Who is the proponent of Cattle-Horn-Carrol model? (CHC)
Kevin McGrew
Integration of two models.
Broad Stratum
What model has the exclusion of G, since it has little relevance to cross battery assessment and interpretation?
CHC Model
How many board stratum abilities and narrow abilities are there in CHC Model?
9;
70
He proposed that intelligence comprises 180 elementary abilities and those are made up of a combination of 3 dimensions.
Joy Paul Guilford
What are the 3 dimensions combined to have 180 elementary abilities?
Operation
Content
Product
Who proposed the Hierarchial Theory of Intelligence?
Philip E. Vernon
Which theories had the gap that the Hierarchical Theory of Intelligence addressed?
Spearman’s Two Factor Theory (mainly about g’s) and Thurstone Multiple Factors theory (s has bigger role than g)
This theory defined intelligence as comprising abilities of carrying levels of generality, “g” with the largest source of variance between individual’s verbal-numerical-educational and practical-mechanical-spatial “s”.
Hierarchial Theory of Intelligence
He believes that each mental activity requires an aggregate different set of abilities.
Edward Lee Thorndike
What are the 4 attributes of Abstract Intelligence?
Level
Range
Area
Speed
What did Howard Gardner develop?
Multiple Intelligence Theory
What are the 7 intelligences according to Multiple Intelligence Theory?
Verbal
Mathematical
Musical
Spatial
Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Russian neuropsychologist who developed the theory on information processing.
Aleksandra Luria
What are the 2 basic types of information processing?
Simultaneous (Parallel)
Successive (Sequential)
Refers to the process where information is integrated all at one time.
Simultaneous (Parallel)
Refers to the process where information is individually processed in sequence.
Successive (Sequential)
Reflects the general capacity for performing intellectual tasks such as solving verbal and mathematical problems.
IQ scores
The average IQ Score and standard deviation of IQ score.
100
15
How many percentage of people have IQ scores between:
90-100
over 130: superior in intelligence
Under 70: mentally deficient/impaired/retarded
Over 140: near genius
50
2.5
2.5
0.5
The properties of normal distribution apply to IQ scores:
_ of IQ scores fall between 90 to 110
85-115
70-130
60-140
50%
70%
95.5 %
99.5 %
5% of people have IQ _ and this is generally considered the benchmark for intellectual deficiency.
Under 70
A condition of limited mental ability in that it produces difficulty in adopting to the demands of life.
Intellectual Deficiency
What are the 5 levels of mental retardation?
50-70 Below average
40-35 mild mental retardation
35-20 moderate mental retardation
20-35 severe mental retardation
<20 Profound mental retardation
What is the task used to measure the intelligence of infants?
Structured interview with examinee’s parents
Sensorimotor tasks
What is the task used to measure older children’s intelligence?
Tasks designed to yield measure of the general information, vocabulary, social judgments and the other.
Verbal & performance abilities
To what purpose usually are adults’ intelligence tests?
Clinical, career or vocational placement
An index that refers to the chronological age equivalent of one’s performance on a test or subtest. Typically derived by reference norms that indicate age at which most testtakers are able to pass to otherwise meet some criterion of performance.
Mental age
What are the issues in intelligence test?
Nature Vs Nurture
Preformation vs Predeterminism
Inheritance vs interactionism
Personality
Gender
Family Environment
Culture
All living are preformed at birth, all organism structures including intelligence are preformed at birth and therefore cannot be improved.
Preformationism
One’s abilities are predetermined by genetic inheritance and that no amount of learning or other intervention can enhance what has been genetically encoded to unfold in time.
Predeterminism
People inherit certain intellectual potential.
Inheritance
Exactly how much of the genetic potential is realized depends partiality on the type of environment in which it was nurtured.
Interactionism
Intelligence may start to decline at the age of _. But recent studies show that it can start to decline as early as _ and _.
75
20’s and 30’s
_ children tend to maintain their intellectual superiority.
Gifted
He authored the article “the means IQ of American: Massive gains from 1932 to 1978.
James R. Flynn
This effect states that intelligence seems to rise on average, year by year.
Flynn Effect
A person who knows his or her way on the street.
Streetwise
Refers to the perceived ability to avoid violent confrontation and to be safe in one’s neighborhood.
Street Efficacy
They tend to perform better in tests that measure “g” and visual spatialization.
Men
Children who thrive in a loving and secured family environment tend to do well in terms of intelligence because their environment gives opportunities for learning and growth.
Family Environment-Intelligence
The family environment begins inside a mother’s womb.
Maternal effect
Defined as the extent to which a test has incorporated the vocabulary, concepts, traditions, knowledge and feelings associated with a particular culture.
Culture loading
This kind of test was designed to minimize the effects of culture loading.
Culture fair
Who records the responses for individual vs group intelligence tests?
Individual- examiners
Group- Subjects record own responses
