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STS > INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION > Flashcards

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION Flashcards

1
Q

Earliest brain surgery

A

6,000 years ago, Cappadocia, Turkey

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2
Q

the making of an opening like a small round hole in the head

A

Trepanation

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3
Q

the practice by Chinese farmers, which is more than 1000 years old

A

raising fish in rice paddies

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4
Q

a process of preserving a deceased human

A

mummification

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5
Q

what did the people developed to provide possible explanation to certain phenomena?

A

philiosophy

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6
Q

people used to rationalize the origin of life

A

religion

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7
Q

where did the scientific revolution started

A

Europe

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8
Q

when did the scientific revolution happened?

A

16th-18th century

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9
Q

the period of enlightenment when developments in the fields of mathematics ,physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.

A

scientific revolution

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10
Q

what did the scientific individuals suffered from the hands of religious institutions

A

condemnation

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11
Q

who developed the Copernican model or the heliocentric model or the heliocentrism?

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

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12
Q

when did the Copernican model published?

A

1543

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13
Q

the theory that the sun is the center of the universe and the planets are revolving around it

A

heliocentrism

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14
Q

where and when was the Copernican model banned?

A

Rome in 16th century

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15
Q

when did the book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres published?

A

1543

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16
Q

what do you call the set of scientific ideas and assumptions?

A

Paradigm

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17
Q

who is the Father of Evolution

A

Charles Darwin

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18
Q

when and where was Charles Darwin born?

A

1809, Shrewsbury, England

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19
Q

a process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

A

Evolution

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20
Q

In the field of medicine, __________pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials.

A

Ibn Sina

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21
Q

Who invented: The concept of zero

A

Maya

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22
Q

Who invented: acupuncture

A

China

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23
Q

Who invented: Gunpowder

A

China

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24
Q

Who invented: Hieroglyphics

A

Maya

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25
Q

Who invented: Ayurveda

A

India

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26
Q

Who invented: Lebombo

A

Africa

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27
Q

Who invented: Chinampa

A

Aztec

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28
Q

Who invented: Quipu

A

Inca

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29
Q

Who invented: Mohenjodaro jar

A

India

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30
Q

Who invented: Center of Alchemy

A

Africa

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31
Q

T or F: Darwin published his book “The origin of Species” in 1589.

A

False

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32
Q

Chinampas; conquered by Spanish ; 365 day calendar ; stone temples without cement.

A

Aztec

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33
Q

What role did Charles Darwin play in biology?

A

He created the theory on the origin of species

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34
Q

what is the ability of an organisms to survive and reproduce in its specific environment which Charles Darwin called?

A

Fitness

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35
Q

T or F: Copernicus idea and model of the universe was essentially completed in 1610.

A

False

36
Q

According to Sigmund Freud, the __________ is the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of individuals.

A

ego

37
Q

Which statements best describes the process of evolution?

A

The traits of a species can change over time

38
Q

what is the oldest known bone recovered from Africa used for basic calculation?

A

Lebombo bone

39
Q

What does the term “Mesoamerican” mean?

A

Middle America, between North and South America

40
Q

According to Sigmund Freud, the __________ is the component of personality that includes all of the individual’s basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification.

A

id

41
Q

A system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India.

A

Ayurveda

42
Q

Writing system of the Mayan people

A

Hieroglyphics

43
Q

Aztec technology for agricultural farming in which land was divided into rectangular areas and surrounded by canals.

A

Chinampa

44
Q

what is the application of scientific knowledge, tools and skills to solve problems and extend human capabilities?

A

Technology

45
Q

what is a treatment derived from ancient Chinese medicine in which fine needles are inserted at certain sites in the body for therapeutic or preventative purposes?

A

Acupunture

46
Q

T or F: Chou dynasty is the first Chinese Dynasty who developed bronze containers and silk production for clothing.

A

False

47
Q

who suggested that gravity was a force of attraction?

A

Brahmagupta

48
Q

During the scientific revolution people started using experiments to test theories rather than just believing the ___________.

A

Church

49
Q

T or F: Chi’n dynasty is credited for developing or inventing the “earthquake weather clock” which is now called the seismograph.

A

False

50
Q

What was quipu used for?

A

counting

51
Q

Who is known as the father of optics in Middle East?

A

Ibn al-Haytham

52
Q

According to psychologist Sigmund Freud, human development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of the personality. The __________, or conscience, consists of the moral and ethical aspects of personality.

A

superego

53
Q

What boat took Darwin on his voyage to the Galapagos Island and what was his purpose?

A

HMS Beagle to be a unpaid naturalist

54
Q

Which book was written by Nicolaus Copernicus?

A

on the Revolutions of Heavenly bodies

55
Q

what civilization had a number system using zero?

A

Maya

56
Q

T or F: It was Darwin’s father who recommended him to join a five year voyage through the HMS Beagle.

A

False

57
Q

what was Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos islands have many similar physical characteristics supports to hypothesis that these finches?

A

Descended from a common ancestor

58
Q

Whose view was challenged by Nicolaus Copernicus?

A

Aristotle

59
Q

T or F: Scientific revolution claimed to have started in the early 16th century in china.

A

False

60
Q

T or F: T’ang Dynasty invented and developed gunpowder.

A

True

61
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus was the first person to challenge the church and developed the idea that the universe is____________.

A

Sun centered

62
Q

What two groups had two calendars, one for tacking religion and one for farming?

A

Maya and Aztec

63
Q

T or F: Freud is a famous figure in the field of Astronomy.

A

False

64
Q

What civilization is known as the medieval forerunner of chemistry?

A

Egypt

65
Q

What gave Charles Darwin the idea of evolution?

A

Finches in the Galapagos island

66
Q

Contribution of Maya civilization to science and technology

A

Astronomical cycles

67
Q

What is true of the Sun in a geocentric model?

A

it revolves around Earth

68
Q

Early civilization in Mesoamerica that had a major system of roads paved with stones.

A

Inca

69
Q

Because of the lack of available farmland, the Aztecs built

A

Chinampas

70
Q

what is Muhammad ibn Musa al Khwarizmi known for?

A

Concept of Algorithm

71
Q

A notion that the long neck of a giraffe developed over time because the animals stretched their necks to reach food high in trees and then passed on a long neck to their offspring was proposed by_________.

A

Lamarck

72
Q

When did the Aztecs live?

A

1400-1500

73
Q

T or F: Indian civilization is credited for the discovery of cotton.

A

True

74
Q

Contribution of Aztec civilization to science and technology

A

Calendar with twelve months

75
Q

who invented the standardized measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy?

A

India

76
Q

Known for: Madhava

A

Founder of mathematical analysis

77
Q

Known for: Johannes Mueller

A

Epitome

78
Q

Known for: Charles Lyell

A

Principles of Geography

79
Q

Known for: Charles Darwin

A

Father of Evolution

80
Q

Known for: Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalysis

81
Q

Known for: Ptolemy

A

Geocentric Model

82
Q

Known for: Alfred Russel Wallace

A

Essay on Natural Selection

83
Q

Known for: Thomas Malthus

A

Population growth

84
Q

Known for: Jabir Ibn Hayyan

A

Father of Chemistry

85
Q

Known for: Ibn Sina

A

Book of healing

STS (5 decks)

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