INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION Flashcards
Earliest brain surgery
6,000 years ago, Cappadocia, Turkey
the making of an opening like a small round hole in the head
Trepanation
the practice by Chinese farmers, which is more than 1000 years old
raising fish in rice paddies
a process of preserving a deceased human
mummification
what did the people developed to provide possible explanation to certain phenomena?
philiosophy
people used to rationalize the origin of life
religion
where did the scientific revolution started
Europe
when did the scientific revolution happened?
16th-18th century
the period of enlightenment when developments in the fields of mathematics ,physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
scientific revolution
what did the scientific individuals suffered from the hands of religious institutions
condemnation
who developed the Copernican model or the heliocentric model or the heliocentrism?
Nicolaus Copernicus
when did the Copernican model published?
1543
the theory that the sun is the center of the universe and the planets are revolving around it
heliocentrism
where and when was the Copernican model banned?
Rome in 16th century
when did the book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres published?
1543
what do you call the set of scientific ideas and assumptions?
Paradigm
who is the Father of Evolution
Charles Darwin
when and where was Charles Darwin born?
1809, Shrewsbury, England
a process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
Evolution
In the field of medicine, __________pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials.
Ibn Sina
Who invented: The concept of zero
Maya
Who invented: acupuncture
China
Who invented: Gunpowder
China
Who invented: Hieroglyphics
Maya
Who invented: Ayurveda
India
Who invented: Lebombo
Africa
Who invented: Chinampa
Aztec
Who invented: Quipu
Inca
Who invented: Mohenjodaro jar
India
Who invented: Center of Alchemy
Africa
T or F: Darwin published his book “The origin of Species” in 1589.
False
Chinampas; conquered by Spanish ; 365 day calendar ; stone temples without cement.
Aztec
What role did Charles Darwin play in biology?
He created the theory on the origin of species
what is the ability of an organisms to survive and reproduce in its specific environment which Charles Darwin called?
Fitness
T or F: Copernicus idea and model of the universe was essentially completed in 1610.
False
According to Sigmund Freud, the __________ is the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of individuals.
ego
Which statements best describes the process of evolution?
The traits of a species can change over time
what is the oldest known bone recovered from Africa used for basic calculation?
Lebombo bone
What does the term “Mesoamerican” mean?
Middle America, between North and South America
According to Sigmund Freud, the __________ is the component of personality that includes all of the individual’s basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification.
id
A system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India.
Ayurveda
Writing system of the Mayan people
Hieroglyphics
Aztec technology for agricultural farming in which land was divided into rectangular areas and surrounded by canals.
Chinampa
what is the application of scientific knowledge, tools and skills to solve problems and extend human capabilities?
Technology
what is a treatment derived from ancient Chinese medicine in which fine needles are inserted at certain sites in the body for therapeutic or preventative purposes?
Acupunture
T or F: Chou dynasty is the first Chinese Dynasty who developed bronze containers and silk production for clothing.
False
who suggested that gravity was a force of attraction?
Brahmagupta
During the scientific revolution people started using experiments to test theories rather than just believing the ___________.
Church
T or F: Chi’n dynasty is credited for developing or inventing the “earthquake weather clock” which is now called the seismograph.
False
What was quipu used for?
counting
Who is known as the father of optics in Middle East?
Ibn al-Haytham
According to psychologist Sigmund Freud, human development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of the personality. The __________, or conscience, consists of the moral and ethical aspects of personality.
superego
What boat took Darwin on his voyage to the Galapagos Island and what was his purpose?
HMS Beagle to be a unpaid naturalist
Which book was written by Nicolaus Copernicus?
on the Revolutions of Heavenly bodies
what civilization had a number system using zero?
Maya
T or F: It was Darwin’s father who recommended him to join a five year voyage through the HMS Beagle.
False
what was Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos islands have many similar physical characteristics supports to hypothesis that these finches?
Descended from a common ancestor
Whose view was challenged by Nicolaus Copernicus?
Aristotle
T or F: Scientific revolution claimed to have started in the early 16th century in china.
False
T or F: T’ang Dynasty invented and developed gunpowder.
True
Nicolaus Copernicus was the first person to challenge the church and developed the idea that the universe is____________.
Sun centered
What two groups had two calendars, one for tacking religion and one for farming?
Maya and Aztec
T or F: Freud is a famous figure in the field of Astronomy.
False
What civilization is known as the medieval forerunner of chemistry?
Egypt
What gave Charles Darwin the idea of evolution?
Finches in the Galapagos island
Contribution of Maya civilization to science and technology
Astronomical cycles
What is true of the Sun in a geocentric model?
it revolves around Earth
Early civilization in Mesoamerica that had a major system of roads paved with stones.
Inca
Because of the lack of available farmland, the Aztecs built
Chinampas
what is Muhammad ibn Musa al Khwarizmi known for?
Concept of Algorithm
A notion that the long neck of a giraffe developed over time because the animals stretched their necks to reach food high in trees and then passed on a long neck to their offspring was proposed by_________.
Lamarck
When did the Aztecs live?
1400-1500
T or F: Indian civilization is credited for the discovery of cotton.
True
Contribution of Aztec civilization to science and technology
Calendar with twelve months
who invented the standardized measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy?
India
Known for: Madhava
Founder of mathematical analysis
Known for: Johannes Mueller
Epitome
Known for: Charles Lyell
Principles of Geography
Known for: Charles Darwin
Father of Evolution
Known for: Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis
Known for: Ptolemy
Geocentric Model
Known for: Alfred Russel Wallace
Essay on Natural Selection
Known for: Thomas Malthus
Population growth
Known for: Jabir Ibn Hayyan
Father of Chemistry
Known for: Ibn Sina
Book of healing
