Intellectual Property

Question 1

What 4 things does Intellectual property legislation include laws on?

Answer 1

1 copyright;
2 trademarks;
3 patents;
4 trade secrets.

Question 2

What is copyright?

Answer 2

A copyright gives a CREATOR of a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work the right to CONTROL THE WAYS in which their material may be used.
Applies to WORK, rather than the IDEA.

Question 3

How long does copyright last for?

Answer 3

Copyright is automatic for literary, dramatic, musical or
artistic works (but many use ○c year, owner) and lasts for 70 years.
This includes software, web content and databases

Question 4

What 5 things can copyrighted content be used for?

Answer 4

∙ non-commercial research and private study;
∙ text and data mining for non-commercial research;
∙ criticism, review and reporting current events;
∙ teaching;
∙ parody, caricature and pastiche.

Question 5

What are the 4 freedoms of copyleft?

Answer 5

1) The freedom to run the program as you wish, for any
purpose;
2) The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish;
3) The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help others;
4) The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others

Question 6

What is a trademark?

Answer 6

A trademark is something (a word or a sign) which enables one to identify goods or services as coming from a particular source.

Question 7

What are the 9 properties of a trademark?

Answer 7

Distinguishable, Recognisable, Unique
It cannot:
∙ be offensive;
∙ be descriptive;
∙ be misleading;
∙ be three dimensional;
∙ be common/non-distinctive;
∙ be used

Question 8

How long does a trademark last?

Answer 8

10 years

Question 9

What is a patent?

Answer 9

A patent gives someone the right to stop others from making, using or selling their invention without permission.
In return for the disclosure of his invention the inventor is given a monopoly on the use of it for 20 years.

Question 10

What 3 qualities must an invention have for it to be patentable?

Answer 10

∙ it must be new;
∙ it must involve an inventive step;
∙ it must be capable of industrial application.

Question 11

What are trade secrets?

Answer 11

A trade secret provides competitive advantage to its owner because the information is not generally known and has been subject to reasonable efforts to maintain its secrecy

Question 12

Who should know trade secrets?

Answer 12

Knowledge of trade secrets should be confined to those who “need to know”.
Anyone with access to trade secret information should be prohibited from disclosing the information, ideally, by contract.

Question 13

What 5 things does copyright not include?

Answer 13

∙ non-commercial research and private study;
∙ text and data mining for non-commercial research;
∙ criticism, review and reporting current events;
∙ teaching;
∙ parody, caricature and pastiche

Question 14

Who does the copyright go to in case of employment and in case of supply?

Answer 14

Employment: employer
Supply: contractor

Question 15

What is copyleft and who promoted the idea?

Answer 15

The idea of not trying to keep something for yourself and protecting it, but the idea of trying to give it away.
Richard Stallman promoted it.
Allows users to use, study, distribute, modify.