intellectual disability (ID) Flashcards
1
Q
A child with ID has:
A
- impaired cognitive functioning that interferes with ability to perform age appropriate tasks in areas of occupation.
- may or may not have associated physical disability.
- occurs before the age of 18.
- significantly below average intellectual functioning (determined by intelligence testing).
- deficits in 2 or more adaptive skill areas.
2
Q
When is ID usually diagnosed?
A
When child fails to meet developmental milestones or when they begin school.
3
Q
ID - What is the old terminology?
A
mental retardation
4
Q
intelligence quotient (IQ)
A
a score from 1 of several standardized tests (0 to 145)
- 100 is average score
- standard deviation of 15 pts.
5
Q
normal limits (average intelligence quotient)
A
85 - 115
6
Q
borderline intellectual disability
A
70 - 84
7
Q
mild ID
A
55 -69
8
Q
moderate ID
A
40 - 54
9
Q
severe ID
A
25 -39
10
Q
profound ID
A
lower than 25
11
Q
IQ tests are administered by:
A
psychologists
12
Q
adaptive functioning is:
A
- conceptual, social and practical abilities needed to adapt to changing environment.
13
Q
conceptual skills
A
- receptive and expressive language.
- reading and writing.
- money concepts.
- self direction.
14
Q
social skills
A
- self esteem.
- social problem solving
- ability to follow rules.
- obey laws.
- avoid being victimized.
15
Q
practical skills
A
- ADL’s
- occupational skills
- health care
- travel/transportation
- schedules/routines
- safety
- use of money
- telephone use
16
Q
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale
A
- uses parental input
- measures communication, daily living, socialization and motor skills.
17
Q
School Functional Assessment
A
- uses teacher input
- measures ability to perform occupational tasks in school setting.
18
Q
Support Intensity Scale (SIS)
A
- measures level of support needed for an adult with ID to lead a normal, independent life.
19
Q
mental age
A
age level at which child is performing
20
Q
chronological age
A
child’s actual age
21
Q
estimate of IQ in younger children
A
(mental age) divided by (chronological age) X 100
22
Q
ID often dx according to when they occur
A
- prenatal, before birth
- perinatal, at birth
- postnatal, birth to age 3
23
Q
ID prenatal causes
A
- genetic
- embryonic development problem
- acquired causes (toxins)
24
Q
genetic causes of ID
A
- errors when genes combine
- genes changing during the process (mutations)
- inheriting impaired genes from parents
25
acquired causes (maternal toxins) of ID
- teratogens
26
teratogen
- physical of chemical substance that causes complication in fetus.
- medication, lead, alcohol, drugs and infections
- most dangerous in first 12 wks when CNS, most organs and limbs develop.
27
perinatal causes of ID
- lack of oxygen (anoxia)
- brain trauma (bleeding)
- premature (before completion of 37th wk) or low birth weight
28
postnatal causes of ID
- infection (ex. viral meningitis, encephalitis)
- trauma to the brain
- teratogens (ex. lead)
- neglect (lack of stimulation, poor diet or starvation.
29
Mild ID
- 55 - 69 IQ
- educable
- reading at grade 6 - 7 level
- writes simple letters or lists
- simple mathematical functions (multiplication & division)
- computer/internet for simple research & communication
- partial or complete support thru employment
- may live independently or with minimal supervision
30
Moderate ID
- 40 - 54 IQ
- trainable
- write name
- remember home phone number
- understand written numbers & quantities
- basic money concepts
- may learn recurring actions
- may enjoy simple leisure activities
- supervised living arrangements
31
Severe ID
- 25 - 39 IQ
- functional independence depends on physical limitations (CP, seizure disorder, vision, hearing...)
- recognize his photo
- routine self care skills
- simple classroom routine rules
32
Profound ID
- < 25 IQ
- may learn routine ADL's
- smile on approach
- indicate food preferences
- feed oneself with spoon
- make visual contact
- allow caregiver to bath them
- allow caregiver to touch them
- cooperate with dressing or self care
33
global mental function deficits in ID
- poor memory
- slower learning
- attention problems
- difficulty generalizing
- lack of motivation
- orientation (person, place, time, self & others
34
OT intervention
- not aimed at improving intelligence
- is aimed at developing performance patterns
(habits, roles, rituals and meaningful activity)
35
specific mental function deficits in ID
- attn. span
- memory
- direction & relation of objects to one another (perception)
- slower learning
- recognition of objects & people
- making sense of stimuli
- problem solving
- generalizing & abstract thinking
- slow or delayed language skills
- adding & subtracting
- poor motor planning
- emotion regulation
- body image, self concept & self esteem
36
OT is responsible for referral to speech therapy in ID,
| true or false?
true
37
Speech and OT can work together, true or false?
true
38
behavior and emotional therapy OT would use is:
OT would develop a behavior modification plan including:
1. identify behaviors
2. collect data on each behavior
3. prioritize the behaviors
4. create a plan
5. implement the plan
6. collect date and evaluate outcome
7. modify plan
39
children with ID may have a full range of emotions, true or false?
True, they may have difficulty expressing them.
40
movement related function OT intervention includes:
- extended practice
- repetition
- simple directions
- modification/adaptation of requirements
