Intellectual difficulty

Question 1

What is an intellectual disability?

Answer 1

Incomplete/arrested development of the mind.
Impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period.
Impairment of skills contributing to overall intelligence.

Appears before age 18yrs
1/100
Can be genetics or non genetics caused

Question 2

What are the causes of intellectual disabilities?

Answer 2

Genetic

or

Non genetics-
Antenatal
Perinatal
Neonatal
Post natal
Environmental
Psychiatric

Question 3

What are the causes of genetic ID?

Answer 3

Make up 30-50% of ID cases
Downs syndrome- MOST COMMON CAUSE
Inherited genetic traits i.e. Fragile X Syndrome

Question 4

What are the antenatal causes of ID?

Answer 4

Inborn errors of metabolism
Brain malformation i.e.(microencephalopathy)
Maternal disease i.e. placental disease
Environmental influences i.e. alcohol, other drugs, toxins, teratogens
Folate deficiency

Question 5

What are the perinatal causes of ID?

Answer 5

Labour/delivery related events

Anoxia during birth

Question 6

What are the post natal causes of ID?

Answer 6

Hypoxic ischemic injury
Traumatic brain injury
Infections
Demyelinating disorders
Seizure disorders (e.g., infantile spasms)
Severe and chronic social deprivation
Toxic metabolic syndromes and intoxications (e.g., lead, mercury)

Question 7

What are the neonatal causes of ID?

Question 8

What are the environmental causes of ID?

Answer 8

Biggest is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Toxins pre/post natal period
Drugs i.e. heroin, cocaine, nicotine etc
Radiation exposure
Mercury exposure i.e. in large fish such as sharks, mackarel, swordfish
Teratogens
Lead exposure

Question 9

What are the psychiatric causes of ID?

Answer 9

Autism spectrum disorder