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Adult Health > Integumentary System Introduction > Flashcards

Integumentary System Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Pruritus

A
  • severe itching
  • treatment depends on precipitating factors
  • is not a disease process but a symptom, so never just treat the pruritus without looking for its cause
  • may be a symptom of emotional factors
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2
Q

Layers of the skin

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous layer
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3
Q

Epidermis Layer

A
  • made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells
  • the avascular outermost layers of cells in the skin
  • acts as the body’s major barrier against an inhospitable environment
  • regulates the amount of water lost from the body
  • thinest at the eyelids (0.05 mm)
  • thickest at the palms and soles (1.5 mm)
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4
Q

Dermis Layer

A
  • layer between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues
  • consists of connective tissue
  • acts as the cushion for the body from stress and strain
  • tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane
  • structural components are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix
  • contains receptors that provide the sense of touch and heat
  • contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels, and blood vessels that provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells
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5
Q

Subcutaneous Layer

A
  • innermost layer of skin
  • cells found in this layer are fibroblasts, adipose tissue, and macrophages
  • used mainly for fat storage
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6
Q

Types of descriptions for primary skin lesions

A
  1. papule
  2. macule
  3. nodule
  4. patch
  5. vesicle
  6. bulla
  7. plaque
  8. cyst
  9. wheal
  10. pustule
  11. tumor
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7
Q

Flat Lesions

A
  1. Macule
  2. Patch
  3. Telangiectasia
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8
Q

Macule

A
  • flat, circumscribed
  • non-palpable
  • smaller than 1 cm
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9
Q

Macule Examples

A
  1. Freckles
  2. Measles
  3. Petechiae
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10
Q

Patch

A
  • larger than a macule
  • flat, non-palpable
  • larger than 1 cm
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11
Q

Patch Example

A
  1. A herald patch with Pityriasis Rosea
  2. Port wine stains
  3. Cafe-au-lait spots
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12
Q

Telangiectasia

A
  • fine, irregular red lines produced by capillary dilation
  • blanch with pressure
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13
Q

Telangiectasia Example

A
  1. Rosacea
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14
Q

Papule

A
  • small palpable circumscribed lesion
  • less than 0.5 cm
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15
Q

Papule Examples

A
  1. Warts
  2. Basal cell carcinoma
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16
Q

Plaque

A
  • large, flat-topped elevated palpable lesion
  • 1 cm or larger
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17
Q

Plaque Example

A
  1. Psoriasis
18
Q

Nodule

A
  • large papule
  • greater than 0.5 cm
19
Q

Nodule Example

A
  1. Moles
20
Q

Tumor

A
  • palpable lesion larger than 2 cm
  • can be:
    * soft or firm masses
    * freely movable or fixed
    * various sizes and shapes
21
Q

Wheal

A
  • slightly irregular, relatively transient, superficial area of localized skin edema
21
Q

Tumor Examples

A
  1. Neurofibroma
  2. Lipoma
  3. Neuroplasms
  4. Neoplasms
22
Q

Wheal Examples

A
  1. hives
  2. mosquito bites
  3. TB skin test
23
Q

Vesicle

A
  • small fluid-filled, elevated lesion
  • 1 cm or less in size
24
Q

Vesicle Examples

A
  1. Blisters
  2. Shingles
25
Q

Bulla

A
  • a large, elevated fluid-filled blister
  • 1 cm or greater in size
26
Q

Cyst

A
  • cavity containing solid (pilar) or liquid (epidermal)
  • comedone is a punctate papule/cyst and may have an open orifice (blackhead) or a closed orifice (whitehead)
27
Q

Cyst Examples

A
  1. acne
  2. dermoid cyst
28
Q

Pustule

A
  • yellowish white pus-filled lesion
  • similar to a vesicle (a pustule contains only pus vs. clear serous fluid in a vesicle)
29
Q

Pustule Examples

A
  1. acne
  2. small boil
30
Q

Crust

A
  • dried residue of serum, pus, or blood
  • occurs when there has been damage to the epithelium and plasma has been exuded
  • a crust or eschar (scab) is dried plasma protein
  • may vary in color
  • occurs in pustular, vesicular, or bullous eruptions
  • the primary lesion may be difficult to discern
31
Q

Scale

A
  • buildup of the stratum corneum
  • dead keratinocytes that should have been sloughed but have become adherent to the skin surfaces
  • secondary imbalances between normal production or maturation process and loss of keratinocytes
32
Q

Scale Examples

A
  1. Seborrheic dermatitis
  2. Pitaryiasis rosea
  3. Psoriasis
33
Q

Keloid

A
  • irregular, elevated, progressively enlarging scar
34
Q

Depressed Lesions Descriptions

A
  1. Excoriation
  2. Fissure
  3. Erosion
  4. Ulcer
35
Q

Excoriation

A
  • loss of the epidermis
  • linear, hollowed out
  • can result from scratching from an insect bite or just pruritis
36
Q

Fissure

A
  • linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis
  • may be wet or dry
37
Q

Fissure examples

A
  1. athlete’s foot
  2. cracks at the corner of mouth
  3. cracked lips
38
Q

Erosion

A
  • loss of all or part of the epidermis
  • depressed, moist, glistening
  • follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla
39
Q

Erosion Examples

A
  1. Varicella
  2. blisters
40
Q

Ulcer

A
  • loss of epidermis and dermis
  • concave
  • varies in size
41
Q

Ulcer Examples

A
  1. Decubitus or stasis ulcers
  2. syphilis chancre
  3. spider bites

Adult Health (14 decks)

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