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LQB187 Human Anatomy > Integumentary System and Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Integumentary System and Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cell body called?

A

Soma

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2
Q

Name the 3 components of the axon

A

Myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier and Schwann cells

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3
Q

What is the myelin sheath composed of and its entomology?

A

Glial Cells, meaning ‘glue’

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4
Q

Name the 4 components of the neuron body below

A

Dendrites, axon hillock, axon terminals, and nucleus

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5
Q

Label the layers of the thin skin below from top to bottom

A

epidermis and dermis

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6
Q

Label the strata and dermis of the thin skin below

A

stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum cornuem, and reticular layer of dermis

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7
Q

What are the 2 functions of astrocytes?

A

Supporting cells for the CNS and component of the blood-brain barrier

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8
Q

What type of glial cell is found in the PNS? What is its function?

A

Schwann cells, to provide insulation as the myelin sheath

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9
Q

Label the strata of thick skin below

A

Stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum corneum, stratum lucidum

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10
Q

What are the 3 components of a synapse?

A

Presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft and postsynaptic neuron

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11
Q

What is the name of the chemicals that diffuse across the synaptic cleft?

A

Neurotransmitters

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12
Q

Difference between unipolar, bipolar and multipolar neurons?

A

The number of processes extending from the cell body
(axon and dendrite(s))

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13
Q

Name the sub-layers of the dermis in thick skin

A

Papillary layer and reticular layer

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14
Q

Name the layers of skin indicated below

A

Epidermis, dermis, and superficial layer of fascia

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15
Q

Name the features of skin indicated below from top to bottom

A
  1. blood vessels 2. sebaceous gland 3. arrector pili muscle 4. sudoriferous gland 5. hair follicle
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16
Q

What type of neuron cells are the most common to least common?

A

Multipolar, unipolar then bipolar

17
Q

Neurons that carry commands/instructions from the central nervous system to the periphery are called?

A

Motor neurons

18
Q

Neurons that carry information from the periphery to the central nervous system are called?

A

Sensory neurons

19
Q

Voluntary motor neurons are called?

A

Somatic neurons

20
Q

Involuntary motor neurons are called?

A

Autonomic neurons

21
Q

What feature is at the end of axon branches towards a target cell?

A

Synaptic bulb

22
Q

What is the node of Ranvier?

A

A gap in the myelin sheath that allows the electrical signal to strengthen as it propagates along the axon

23
Q

Name the type of epithelium cells shown below

A

keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium

24
Q

What is the stratum basale? What cells does it produce?

A

The deepest layer of the epidermis and connects the epidermis to the basal laminae. It folds into dermal papillae and is compromised of basal cells. It produces melanocytes and keratinocytes.

25
Q

What is the stratum spinosum? What substance does it produce?

A

Composed of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes that synthesises keratin. It produces a water-repelling substance that prevents water loss.

26
Q

What is the stratum granulosum? What layers and features are formed here?

A

3-5 layers of flattened and thickened keratinocytes that produce the protein keratin. Keratin and cell membranes then form hair and nail structures, stratum lucidum and stratum corneum.

27
Q

Where is stratum lucidum found?

A

Only in thick skin

28
Q

Where is the stratum corneum located and its function?

A

The most superficial layer of the epidermis. It prevents penetration of microbes and dehydration of lower layers of the dermis.

29
Q

Name the composition of the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis

A

Papillary: loose, areolar connective tissue (collagen and elastic fibres) Reticular: dense, irregular connective tissue

30
Q

What is the composition and function of the superficial fascia layer?

A

Composition: loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue
Function: connects skin to the fascia of the muscle and provides fat storage for insulation and cushioning

31
Q

Name the 3 main pigments that influence skin colour

A

Melanin, carotene and haemoglobin

32
Q

What is the function of the melanocyte?

A

To transfer melanin to keratinocytes to protect the cell nucleus from UV-associated DNA damage

33
Q

What is the difference between sudoriferous and sebaceous glands?

A

sudoriferous: produces sweat to cool the body
sebaceous: produces oils to lubricate and waterproof skin and hair

34
Q

What are the two types of sudoriferous glands?

A

eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands

LQB187 Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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