Integumentary System Anatomy

Question 1

Functions of Integumentary System

Answer 1

1. skin provides protection from the outer environment
2. acts as a barriers against foreign pathogens
3. sends pain, temperature, pressure, and touch stimuli to the brain
4. when exposed sun, helps synthesizing Vitamin D, an essential vitamin needed to carry out various functions

Question 2

Skin

Answer 2

senses touch, pressure, temperature, and pain w/ different types of nerve fibers; these fibers then send signals to brain, brain decodes signal and then sends response to the affected body part

Question 3

Single-Centimeter of skin contains

Answer 3

• meter-long blood vessels
• supply blood and essential nutrient to the skin
• regular body temperature

Question 4

Skin-

Answer 4

afting

Question 5

Skin-Grafting

Answer 5

commonly used to grow and repair blood vessels, trauma wounds, deep injuries and burns

Question 6

Grafting

Answer 6

a process of taking a piece of your own skin or piece of donor skin and transplanting it to the affected site to grow and repair

Question 7

Epidermis

Answer 7

-outer most layer of skin

Question 8

Strata

Answer 8

five additional layers, each additional layer called stratum Stratum corneum

Question 9

Stratum Corneum

Answer 9

surface layer and barrier against infection

• cells grow from inside out
• once cells reach surface there
• packed closely together and form water-resistant covering
• constantly shedding dead cells

Question 10

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 10

palms of hands and soles of feet only

• additional protection for high use area
• cells appear clear

Question 11

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 11

protected process and then distrusted among layers (produce melanin-skin color determined by amount of melanin produced in melanocytes)

Question 12

Stratum granulosum

Answer 12

first layer not to be nourished by dermis (cells start to die, forming keratin)

Question 13

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 13

“prickle layer”, has spiny texture

Question 14

Stratum Basate

Answer 14

composed of basal cells (responsible for renewing epidermal cells)

Question 15

Dermis

Answer 15

• much thicker than epidermis
• contains blood + lymph vessels + nerve fibers
• contains hair follicles, sweat glands + sebaceous glands

Question 16

Fibroblast Cells

Answer 16

produce fiber that help repair injuries

Question 17

Phagocytic Cells

Answer 17

protect the body by swallowing foreign materials (contain histamine + heparin)

Question 18

Finger Prints

Answer 18

formed from ridges and furrows in dermis layer

Question 19

Collagen

Answer 19

gluey protein found in skin, connective tissue, bones, cartilage tendons and ligaments

Question 20

Subcutaneous (hypodermal) Layer

Answer 20

• attaches skin to muscles and other tissue lying beneath skin
• made up of connective tissue
• shapes body
• specializing in production of fat
• lipocytes (fat cells)

Question 21

Lipocytes (Fat Cells)

Answer 21

stored in this layer in tissue called adipose its purpose is to store large quantiles of fat

Question 22

Sweat Glands

Answer 22

located deep in dermal layer, very close to subcutaneous layer

Question 23

Eccring Glands

Answer 23

• numerous
• important
• widespread
• tubes reach epidermis through pores
• produce watery sweat

Question 24

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Answer 24

• found in arm pits and in pigmented skin around genitals

- produce thicker, milky secretion that can be odorous

Question 25

Modified Sweat Glands…mammary glands

Answer 25

milk-producing, secretes milk only after birth of child

Question 26

Modified Sweat Glands…ceruminous gland

Answer 26

located in skin that lines your ears and secrete earwax (cerumen)

Question 27

Hair Shaft

Answer 27

visible part

Question 28

Hair Root

Answer 28

embedded in dermis

Question 29

Hair follicle

Answer 29

bulb-like attachment at end of hair (root + covering)

Question 30

Papilla

Answer 30

loop of capillaries enclosed within connective tissue

Question 31

Nails

Answer 31

pinkish produced to capillaries

Question 32

Cuticle

Answer 32

narrow band of epidermis that extends from nail wall to surface