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Histology #2 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are some functions of the skin?

A

Protection

Mechanical abrasion, pathogen barrier (including as earwax from Ceruminous glands), dehydration, ultraviolet radiation

Temperature regulation

Dilation or constriction of superficial blood vessels. Anastomosis. Glomus body

Sensory perception

Free and encapsulated nerve endings

Excretion

Sweat contains water, sodium salts, and urea

Formation of Vitamin D pro-hormone

For mineral absorption and metabolism

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2
Q

What are the main layers of the skin from out to in?

A

Epidermis (4 layers, 5 in thick skin)

Dermis

Subcutaneous (superficial fascia or hypodermis)

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3
Q

What are some of the accessory structures of the skin?

A

Glands

Hair

Nails

Encapsulated sensory organs

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4
Q

Is the epidermis vascularized?

A

NO

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5
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from outer to inner? What are some features of them?

A

Stratum corneum: keratinized squames in this layer DEAD CELLS

Stratum lucidum (thick skin only): clear cell layer DEAD CELLS

Stratum granulosum: squamous cells wih lamellar granules

Stratum spinosum: spiny cell layer

Stratum basale (stratum germinativum): basal cell layer

Come Lets Get Sun Burned

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6
Q

What are the different types of proteins from keratinocytes (in all strata layers) found in each layer of the epidermis?

A

Keratohyalin - stratum granulosum, spinosum, and basal

Eleidin - lucidum

Corneocytes/Squames (cells) - Stratum corneum

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7
Q

Where are melanocytes and merkels cells (discs) found in the epidermis?

A

Stratum basale

Merkels cells are generally hard to ifnd

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8
Q

What layer of the epidermis are langerhans cells (macrophages) found in?

A

Stratum spinosum

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9
Q

Look at this picture and Identify some of the general cell locations.

A

DO IT.

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10
Q

What are some defining features of thin skin vs thick skin?

A

Thin skin: hair, arrector pili, sebaceous glands, and apocrine sweat gland (empty into hair follicle)

Thick: Pacinian corpuscles (dermis, lower portion) and meissner corpuscle (in dermal papillae)

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11
Q

What are the layers of the dermis divided into?

A

Papillary (more superficial)

Reticular (more deep)

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12
Q

What can be seen here?

A

Meissners corpuscles, look in dermal papillae

Look how dark the stratum granulosum is (black)

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13
Q

What type of skin is in this picture? What defining structure can be seen in the lower portion of the dermal layer in this picture?

A

Thick skin (no hair)

can also see pacinian corpuscles at the bottom of dermis

Also eccrine sweat glands that empty at surface rather than hair follicle (no hair either)

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14
Q

What are the different regions of a hair from external to internal? Describe a little.

A

Shaft - hair extending outside epidermis

Root - has attached sebaceous gland, arrector pili attaches to this

Bulb - contians blood supply, and hair papilla (connective tissue)

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15
Q

Study this image and identify structures listed.

A

Bulb region of hair root

Hair papilla (Connective tissue)

Follicle

Epithelial root sheath

Internal (inner) root sheath

Sheath cuticle

Huxley’s layer

Henle’s layer

External (outer) root sheath

Glassy membrane

Connective tissue (dermal) root sheath

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16
Q

Study the layering of this hair follicle picture.

A

hair matrix amplifying cells

outer root sheath

henles layer

huxleys layer

inner root sheath cuticle

hair cuticle

har cortex

medulla

dermal papilla cells = hair papilla

dermal sheath cells

Hair matrix amplifying cells and keratinocyte stem cells

17
Q

What are the phases of hair growth?

A

anagen (growth) - years

catagen (transition) - weeks

telogen (resting/shedding) - months

exogen (shedding)

18
Q

What pigments do melanocytes contain in hairand what color do they correspond to?

A

Eumelanin (black/brown)

Pheomelanin (red/blonde)

19
Q

Study this picture of a longitudical and cross section of hair.

20
Q

Try to identify the structures of this thin skin picture with good identification of hair structures.

A

Arrector pili

Sebaceous gland

Apocrine sweat gland

21
Q

What is another name for the accessory structures of skin?

22
Q

What are the muscle cells associated with the sweat glands called?

A

myoepithelial cells

23
Q

What is another name for a sweat gland?

A

sudoriferous gland

24
Q

What is the difference between an eccrine and apocrine sweat gland, where are they typically found?

A

Eccrine - thick and thin skin, empty to the surface

Aprcrine - thin, empty into hair follicle

25
Identify the structures in this sweat gland.
Arrector pili Sebaceous gland eccrine sweat gland
26
Understand the different portions of this eccrine sweat gland in the picture.
Secretory portion Pseudostratified epithelium Two secretory cell types: - Clear cells Lots of glycogen, sER, and GA Produce the watery part of sweat - Dark cells Lots of rER and secretory granules Produce the glycoprotein part of sweat Myoepithelial cells Duct portion Stratified cuboidal epithelium Duct cells are smaller and darker than the secretory cells No myoepithelial cells
27
Identify the structures of this picture of hairy skin.
Hair follicle Sebaceous gland Simple branched acinar Eccrine sweat gland Simple coiled tubular Apocrine sweat gland Simple coiled tubular Pigment in epidermis
28
Apocrine and eccrine sweat glands and what type of glandular epithelium structure?
simple coiled tubular
29
Identify the following structures in this picture of the dermis.
hair follicle eccrine sweat gland apocrine sweat gland myoepithelial cells sebaceous gland pilosebaceous unit
30
What is this a picture of? Where in the body is this located?
These are ceruminous glands in the external ear canal, which are modified apocrine sweat glands
31
Identify the structures of the nail in this picture.
D = dermis Ep = Eponychium FP = Fibrous periosteum HC = Hyaline cartilage Hy = Hyponychium NB = Nail bed NP = Nail plate NR = Nail root Nail plate Nail bed Nail root Eponychium (Cuticle) Hyponychium Dermis, Hypodermis, Fibrous periosteum, Phalanx bone, Hyaline cartilage
32
Identify the following structure in this picture of a finger tip.
Nail plate Nail bed Nail root Eponychium (Cuticle) Hyponychium Dermis, Hypodermis, Fibrous periosteum, Phalanx bones, Hyaline cartilage
33
What are some defining structures found in the eyelid?
External surface = Skin (keratinized stratified squamous epithelium) Internal surface = Palpebral conjunctiva (stratified columnar epithelium) Tarsal glands: - Meibomian glands (modified sebaceous glands, simple branched acinar) in tarsal plate Meibomian glands produce meibum Ciliary glands: - Glands of Zeis (modified sebaceous glands, unilobar) associated with eyelash follicles - Glands of Moll (modified apocrine sweat glands) near eyelash follicles Orbicularis oculi is a facial expression muscle (skeletal) that encircles the eye
34
What are these labeled structures of the eyelid called?
CG = Ciliary gland (Gland of Moll and Zeis) OO = Orbicularis oculi pC = Palpebral conjunctiva Sk = Skin TG = tarsal glands (meibomian glands, modified sebaceous glands) TP = Tarsal plate Arrow = Aponeurosis of levator palpebrae superioris
35
What are these structures of the eye?
Skin of eyelid Cornea Iris Lens Meibomian glands Orbicularis oculi muscle Eyelash follicles Eyelashes have no arrector pili muscles
36
Identify these structures of the lens.
DLF = Differentiating lens fibers LC = Lens capsule LE = Lens epithelium (simple columnar epithelium) MLF = Mature lens fibers The outer surface is the lens capsule The subcapsular lens epithelium (simple cuboidal epithelium) cells have their basal margins near lens capsule Differentiating lens fibers still have nuclei but are elongating, losing organelles, and are filling with proteins called crystallins Mature lens fibers are densely packed and have lost their nuclei
37
Identify these structures of the cornea of the eye.
Anterior surface: Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Thin acellular Bowman’s membrane (anteriormost part of the stroma) Stroma, with Collagen fibers Descemet’s membrane (a basement membrane) Posterior surface: Simple squamous epithelium (Endothelium) Sclera is continuous with the cornea as the fibrous tunic of the eye They meet at the corneoscleral junction (limbus) Sclera, unlike the cornea, is not transparent Epithelium of bulbar conjunctiva covers the anterior surface of sclera BM = Bowman’s membrane CF = Collagen fibers DM = Descemet’s membrane Ep = Epithelium F = Fibroblast N = Nucleus St = Stroma
38
What are the tunics of the eye? Identify the structures in the picture.
Posterior compartment (housing vitreous body) Retina Choroid Sclera Lacrimal gland (compound tubuloacinar, serous) Ch = Choroid CT = Connective tissue LG = Lacrimal gland Lo = Lobule N = Nucleus PCo = Posterior compartment Re = retina S = Sclera SA = Serous acini

Histology #2 (2 decks)

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