Integumentary System Flashcards
Includes body membranes, skin, hair, finger nails and sweat and oil glands
Includes body membranes skin, hair, finger nails, and sweat and oil glands
Integumentary System
Covers surfaces, line body cavities, and form protective sheets and organs
Body membranes
The two major groups of body membranes
Epithelial membranes and connective tissue membranes
Generally called as skin or integumentary system
Cutaneous membrane
Also called covering and lining membrane; include the cutaneous membrane, the mucous membranes, and the serous membranes
Epithelial membranes
Is composed of two layers, the superficial epidermis and the underlying dermis
Cutaneous membranes
Composed of stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis
Mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue
Dermis
Is exposed to air and is a dry membrane
Cutaneous membranes
Mucous membrane is composed of epithelium resting on a loose connective tissue membrane called
Lamina propia
This membrane type lines all body cavities that open to the exterior, such as those of the hollow organs of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts
Mucous membrane
Refers only to the location of the epithelial membranes, not tgeir cellular makeup, which varies
Mucosa
Is composed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar conmective tissue. It also line body cavities that are closed to the exterior
Serous membrane or serosa
Serous membranes occurs in pair the
Parietal layer and visceral layer
A serous membrane layer that Lines up a specific portion of the wall of the ventral body cavity
Parietal layer
A serous membrane layer that folds itself to form ____ wich covers the oustside of the organ cavities
Visceral layer
The serous layers are separated not by air but by a scanty amount of thin, clear fluid, called
Serous fluid
Allows tge organs to slide easily across the cavity walls and pne another without friction as they carry out their routine functions
The lubricating serous fluid
Serosa lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs is the
Peritoneum
The membranes surrounding the lungs is
Pleurae
The membranes around the heart are the
Pericardia
Are composed of loose areolar connective tissue and contain no epithelial cells at all
Synovial membrabes
This membranes lines the fibrous capsules surrounding joints where they provide a smooth surface and secrete a lubricating fluid
Synovial membranes
Line small sacs of connective tissue called ____ and the tubelike tendon sheaths
Bursae
Is absolutely essential because it keeps water and other precious molecules in the body
Skin
The skin also produces acidic secretions called _____that protect against bacterial invasion
Acid mantle
Deep to the dermis is the _______ which is essentially is adipose (fats) tissue. Is not considered part of the skin, but does anchor the skin to underlying organs and provides a site for nutrient storage.
Subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis
Serves as a shock absorber and insulates the deeper tissue from estreme temperature changes occurring outside the body
Subcutaneous tissue
Most cells of the epidermis are _____ which produce keratin,
Keratinocytes
The fibrous protein that makes the epidermis a tough protective layers in process is called
Keratinization
The five layers of epidermis
Stantrum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum and corneum
Tge deepest cell layer of the epidermis that lies closest to the dermis and is connected to it along a wavy border that resembles corrugated cardboard.
Stratum basale
Stem cells in this layer are constantly dividing; hence its alternate name is
Stratum germinativum
As they move away from the dermis and become part of the more superficial layers, this 2 layers will become flatter and increasingly keratinized
Stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum
This latter epidermal is not present in all skin regions. It occurs only where the skin is hairless and extra thick, that is on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
Stratum lucidum
Is 20 to 30 cell layers thick, but it accounts for about three-quarters of the epidermal thickness
Stratum corneum
The shinglelike dead cell remnants, completely filled with keratin, are reffered to as
Cornified or horny cells
MERKEL CELLS Are associated with sensory nerve endings and serve as touch reseptors called
Merkel disc
MELANIN a pigment that ranges in color from yellow to brown to black is produced by special spider-shaped cells called
Melanocytes
Scattered in the epidermis are ________ which are important “sentries” that alert and activate immune system cells to a threat such as bacterial or viral invasion
Epidermal dendritic cells
Is your “hide”. It is a strong stretchy envelope that helps to bind the body together
Dermis
What are the 2 regions of dermis
Papillary and reticular
It is uneven and has peglike projections from its superior surface called
Dermal papillae
is the deepest skin layer
reticular layer
Is the superficial dermal region
The papillary layer
It contains dense irregular connective tissue, as well as blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and deep pressure receptors called
Lamellar corpuscles
Are responsible for the toughness of the dermis, they also attract and bind water and thus help to keep the skin hydrated
Collagen fibers
Gives the skin its elasticity when we are young
Elastic fibers
As the melanocytes produce melanin, it accumulates in their cytoplasm in membrane-bound granules called
Melanosomes
Are Yellow, reddish brown or black pigment
Melanin
Is an orange-yellow pigment plentiful in carrots and other orange, deep yellow or leafy green vegetables
Carotene
Pigment in red blood cells in the dermal blood vessels
Hemoglobin
Reddened skin may indicate embarrassment (blushing), fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy
Redness or erythema
Under certain types of emotional stress (fear, anger), some people became pale.
Pallor or blanching
Abnormal yellow skin tone usually signifies a liver disorder in which excess bile pigments accumulate in blood, circulate throughout the body, and become deposited in body tissues
Jaundice or yellow cast
The black-and-blue marks of bruising reveal sites where blood has escaped from circulation and has clotted in the tissue spaces
Bruises
Include cutaneous glands, hair and hair follicles, and nails
Skin appendages
Are all exocrine glands that releases their secretions to the skin surface via ducts
Cutaneous glands
2 groups of cutaneous glands
The ssebaceous glands and sweat glands
Are found all over the skin except on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
Sebaceous glands
The product of sebaceous glands, is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells
Sebum
Also called sudoriferous glands are widely distributed in the skin
Sweat glands
2 types of sweat glands
Eccrine glands and apocrine glands
Are far more numerous and are found all over the body. They produce SWEAT a clear secretion that is primarily water plus
Eccrine glands
Sweat reaches the skib surface via a duct that opens externally as a funnel-shaped
Sweat pore
Are largely confined to the axillary and genital areas of the body
Apocrine glands
Is an important part of our body image
Hair
A flexible epithelial structure
Hair
Part of the hair enclosed in the hair follicles is called
Root
The part projecting from the surface of the scalp or skin is called
Shaft
