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Anatomy Ch. 5 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of integumentary system

A

physical protection from environmental hazards, thermoregulation, synthesis and storage of lipid reserves, excretion, synthesis of vitamin D3 (calcitriol), sensory information, coordination of immune response to pathogens and cancers in the skin

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2
Q

Needed for regulation of calcium within the blood

A

calcitriol

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3
Q

components of integumentary system

A

epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

thicker, has three regions, contains blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and glands

A

dermis

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5
Q

three regions of the dermis

A

papillary region, reticular (thicker) region, subcutaneous layer

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6
Q

strata/layers of the epidermis

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale/germinativum

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7
Q

how many layers does the epidermis have?

A

four layers in thin skin, skin exposed to friction has five layers

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8
Q

which layer has no blood supply?

A

epidermis

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9
Q

thickest in thick skin, thin in thin skin, most superficial layer, 25-30 rows of dead flat keratinocytes

A

stratum corneum

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10
Q

only present in thick skin, fingertips, palms, soles; appears clear, translucent; dead keratinocytes; large amounts of keratin

A

stratum lucidum

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11
Q

release a lipid rich, water repellent secretion

A

lamellar granules

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12
Q

contains lamellar granules, granules are very dark stained, 3-5 rows of flattened keratinocytes, organelles are beginning to degenerate

A

stratum granulosum

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13
Q

cells look spiny, 8-10 rows of cells/thicker, get melanin from melanocytes, langerhans cells

A

stratum spinosum

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14
Q

surveillance, first cell to recognize cancer

A

langerhans cells

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15
Q

deepest layer, single row, stratified squamous, melanocytes, tactile epithelial cells/merkel, cells on basement membrane

A

stratum basale/germinativum

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16
Q

make melanin, give skin its color, all humans have same number, produce melanin and transfer it to keratinocytes

A

melanocytes

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17
Q

respond to touch

A

tactile epithelial cells/ merkel

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18
Q

accumulate protein

A

keratinocytes

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19
Q

live in epidermis and engulf

A

macrophages

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20
Q

how does epidermis meet dermis?

A

epidermal ridges have downward fingers and the dermal papillae have upward fingers

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21
Q

creates fingerprints?

A

eccrine sweat glands

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22
Q

two layers of the dermis

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

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23
Q

areolar CT, fine collagen and elastic fibers (give skin strength and stretch), finger like projections that indent the epidermis

A

papillary layer

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24
Q

deeper than papillary, dense irregular CT, varies in thickness, always thickest

A

reticular layer

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25
Q

pick up things like touch, pressure, vibration

A

mechanoreceptors

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26
Q

2 sections of dermal blood supply

A

papillary plexus and cutaneous plexus

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27
Q

supplies blood to capillary loops that follow the boundary with the epidermis

A

papillary plexus

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28
Q

at the boundary between the reticular layers and the hypodermis

A

cutaneous plexus

29
Q

what changes body temperatures?

A

changing blood going to the skin

30
Q

what do surgeons cut along?

A

tension lines/ lines of cleavage

31
Q

Plates of packed, hard, dead keratinized epidermal cells

A

Nails

32
Q

Muscle between dermis and hair follicle sheath

A

smooth arrector pilli

33
Q

Goosebumps form when exposed to…

A

physiological or emotional stress

34
Q

dendrites of neurons that are sensitive to touch

A

root hair plexus

35
Q

3 types of hair

A

vellus, intermediate, and terminal

36
Q

Peach fuzz

A

vellus

37
Q

terminal hair location

A

head

38
Q

Inner portion of hair follicle that contains the pigment melanin

A

medulla

39
Q

Outer portion of hair follicle

A

cortex

40
Q

Results from melanocyte activity at the base of the hair follicle

A

hair color

41
Q

melanocytes are located in

A

medulla and cortex

42
Q

melanocytes transfer…

A

melanosomes with either pheomelanin (yellow to red) or eumelanin (brown to black)

43
Q

White hair is due to…

A

Lack of pigment in the medulla

44
Q

Gray hair is due to…

A

increase in air spaces within the medulla

45
Q

Location of sebacous gland

A

Hair shaft

46
Q

location of hair follice

A

surface of epidermis

47
Q

exocrine glands secrete…

A

epithelial tissue surface

48
Q

throughout skin, except eardrums, lips, nail beds, glands penis/clitorism, labia minor, broadly distributed, secrete with merocrine

A

eccrine

49
Q

axilla, groin, areola, and bearded regions of face in males, less distrubuted, secrete with merocrine

A

apocrine

50
Q

most common; found throughout skin; most numerous in forehead, palms, soles, form fingerprints, secretory portion in deep dermis (reticular thicker portion), stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue, exocytosis

A

eccrine

51
Q

active during emotional/sexual excitement, secretory portion in very very deep dermis and even subcutaneous layer, more viscous secretion (includes proteins and lipids) that begin secreting at puberty, simple cuboidal epithelial tissue, larger and wider duct lumens

A

apocrine

52
Q

found in the external ear, secretions external external auditory canal, secrete cerumen/earwax

A

ceruminous glands

53
Q

cells in S. Basale, mestastaces are not common

A

Basal cell carcinoma

54
Q

mestastaces are less common, cells in S. Spinosum

A

squamous cell carcinoma

55
Q

ABCD rule, more likely to metastasize, cancer of melanocytes

A

melanoma

56
Q

ABCDE of cancer?

A 
Assymetrical
Border is irregular
Color (not uniform)
Diamete
Evolution
57
Q

partial thickness, through epidermis, red and painful

A

first degree burn (sunburn)

58
Q

blisters, full partial thickness, epidermis and dermis

A

second degree burn

59
Q

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer and lower, full thickness burn, severs nerves so white leathery, no pain

A

Third degree burn

60
Q

Rule of nines used for…

A

to tell severity of burns

61
Q

Palm =?

A

1% of individuals hand

62
Q

Types of mechanoreceptors in epidermis

A

merkel’s discs, free nerve endings, meissener’s corpuscles

63
Q

Mechanoreceptors in dermis

A

ruffini ending, hair end organ, pacinian corpuscles

64
Q

sense continuous pressure of skin indentation

A

merkel’s discs

65
Q

detect touch and pressure (temperature and pain)

A

free nerve endings

66
Q

detect light tough, pressure, and vibration

A

meissener’s corpuscles

67
Q

detect stretch, indentatino, proprioception

A

ruffini ending

68
Q

detect hair movement

A

hair end organ

69
Q

detect pressure and vibration (onions)

A

pacinian corpuscles

Anatomy Ch. 5 (1 decks)

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