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Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system? (6)

A

Protection, sensation, permits movement and growth, vitamin D production, excretion, temperature regulation

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2
Q

What are the two immune functions?

A

Mechanical and surface film

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3
Q

What is a mechanical function?

A

keratinized surface of stratum corneum

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4
Q

What does the mechanical function do? (4)

A

Prevents injury, provides barrier to microorganisms, provides barrier to fluids, provides protection from UV rays

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5
Q

What is Surface Film?

A

Emulsified material on skin surface

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6
Q

What does temperature regulation do? (3)

A

retains hear produced by muscle activity, cooling mechanisms, and body temperature regulation

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7
Q

What are types of cooling mechanisms? (4)

A

Evaporation, radiation, conduction, convection

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8
Q

An example of evaporation is?

A

Sweat

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9
Q

An example of radiation is?

A

Heat coming off you

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10
Q

An example of conduction is?

A

loosing heat from touching something cold

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11
Q

An example of convection is?

A

transfering heat

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12
Q

Body temperature regulation is part of the?

A

Negative feedback loop

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13
Q

What are two examples of thick skin?

A

soles of feet and palms of hands

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14
Q

What is thick skin made of?

A

Several thick cell layers, friction ridges

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15
Q

T/F

Thick skin is hairless.

A

True

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16
Q

What is thin skin?

A

has no friction ridges and is most of your body

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17
Q

What are friction ridges?

A

Finger prints

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18
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

Outermost layer

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19
Q

What does the epidermis consist of?

A

Epithelial cells

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20
Q

What are the 4 epithelial cells?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, epidermal dendritic cells, and tactile epithelial cells

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21
Q

What is keratinocytes?

A

Contains keratin, become corneocytes

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22
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Make pigment in skin

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23
Q

What do epidermal dendritic cells do?

A

Play a role in immunity

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24
Q

What are tactile epithelial cells?

A

Light touch receptors

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25
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum

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26
Q

What is stratum corneum?

A

Dead layer, sheds and is replaced

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27
Q

Where is stratum lucidum present in?

A

Thick skin only

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28
Q

What does stratum granulosum do?

A

Forms keratin

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29
Q

What does stratum spinosum do?

A

initiate protein synthesis

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30
Q

What does stratum basale do?

A

Mitosis

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31
Q

What are the steps of regeneration in epidermal growth and repair? (4)

A

mitosis of stratum basale, differentiation at stratum spinosum and granulosum, desquamation at stratum corneum

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32
Q

Regeneration is also called?

A

turnover

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33
Q

How long does regeneration take? (average)

A

35 days

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34
Q

What are the 3 processes of epidermal growth and repair?

A

regeneration, EGF (epidermal growth factor), and mechanical exfoliation

35
Q

How many layers of skin does the dermis have?

A

Two

36
Q

How many layers does the epidermis have?

A

Five

37
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary and Reticular

38
Q

What is the papillary layer? (3)

A

loose connective tissue, attaches to the stratum basale, contains friction ridges

39
Q

Where does the dermis connect to the stratum basale?

A

Dermoepidermal junction

40
Q

What is the reticular layer? (2)

A

point of attachment for some muscles, arrector pili muscles= goose bumps

41
Q

What is the reticular layer made of? (2)

A

collagen fibers and some elastic fibers

42
Q

What receptors do the reticular layer contain?

A

somatic sensory receptors

43
Q

What are blisters?

A

cell junctions break down

44
Q

T/F

The dermis has constant shedding during repair.

A

False

45
Q

T/F

The dermis is where scar tissue is created.

A

True

46
Q

What are langer’s lines also called?

A

Cleavage lines

47
Q

T/F

Surgical incisons parallel to langer’s lines can decrease scarring.

A

True

48
Q

What are langer’s lines?

A

Patterns of fibers in the dermis

49
Q

What does stretching of elastic fibers cause?

A

Stretch marks

50
Q

What is the hypodermis also called? (2)

A

Subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia

51
Q

What is the hypodermis make of? (2)

A

Loose fibrous and adipose tissue

52
Q

What is the function of loose fibrous and adipose tissue in the hypodermis?

A

Determines mobility of the skin

53
Q

What do the skin ligaments do in the hypodermis?

A

hold deep fascia and muscles in place

54
Q

What are the 4 types of skin pigments?

A

Melanin, Beta-carotene, jaundice, and bruise

55
Q

What is melanin produces by?

A

melanocytes in stratum basale

56
Q

What are the 2 types of melanin?

A

Eumelanin and pheomelanin

57
Q

What color is eumelanin?

A

black/brown

58
Q

What color is pheomelanin?

A

red/orange

59
Q

What is beta-carotene converted into?

A

Vitamin A

60
Q

Beta-carotene makes the skin?

A

a yellowish discoloration

61
Q

Jaundice is?

A

Bile pigments from breakdown of red blood cells

62
Q

How is a bruise formed?

A

blood enters tissue and breaks down

63
Q

What are glands called? (2)

A

Sweat or sudoriferous

64
Q

What are the four types of glands?

A

Eccrine, apocrine, sebaceous glands, and ceruminous glands

65
Q

What does the eccrine glands do?

A

produce sweat

66
Q

Where are the eccrine glands located?

A

On total body surface

67
Q

Where are the apocrine glands located? (3)

A

Armpit, breast, anus

68
Q

What layer is the apocrine gland located in?

A

Subcutaneous layer

69
Q

What do the apocrine glands do?

A

Produce thicker secretions linked with puberty and menstrual cycle

70
Q

What are the functions of the sebaceous glands? (2)

A

lubricating mechanism and has an anti fungal effect

71
Q

What is the sebaceous glands associated with?

A

Hair follicles

72
Q

Where are the sebaceous glands located?

A

ducts= pimples

73
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A

modified sweat glands

74
Q

What are the functions of the ceruminous glands? (2)

A

produce cerumen (ear wax), protects ear canal

75
Q

What are the 4 types of disorders of the skin?

A

Infections, vascular and inflammatory, skin cancer, and burns

76
Q

What are 4 types of skin infections?

A

impetigo, tinea, warts, boils

77
Q

What is a tinea infection?

A

fungal infection

78
Q

What are 5 types of vascular and inflammatory skin disorders?

A

Decubitus ulcers, uticaria, scleraderma, psoriasis, eczema

79
Q

What is decubitis ulcers?

A

Pressure sores

80
Q

What is uticaria disorder?

A

hives

81
Q

What are the 4 types of skin cancer?

A

squamous cell, basal cell, malignant melanoma, kaposi sarcoma

82
Q

How do you measure the degree of burns?

A

Rule of nines

83
Q

What are the 3 appendages of the skin?

A

hair, nails, glands

Anatomy (7 decks)

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