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Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system? (6)

A

Protection, sensation, permits movement and growth, vitamin D production, excretion, temperature regulation

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2
Q

What are the two immune functions?

A

Mechanical and surface film

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3
Q

What is a mechanical function?

A

keratinized surface of stratum corneum

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4
Q

What does the mechanical function do? (4)

A

Prevents injury, provides barrier to microorganisms, provides barrier to fluids, provides protection from UV rays

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5
Q

What is Surface Film?

A

Emulsified material on skin surface

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6
Q

What does temperature regulation do? (3)

A

retains hear produced by muscle activity, cooling mechanisms, and body temperature regulation

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7
Q

What are types of cooling mechanisms? (4)

A

Evaporation, radiation, conduction, convection

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8
Q

An example of evaporation is?

A

Sweat

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9
Q

An example of radiation is?

A

Heat coming off you

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10
Q

An example of conduction is?

A

loosing heat from touching something cold

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11
Q

An example of convection is?

A

transfering heat

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12
Q

Body temperature regulation is part of the?

A

Negative feedback loop

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13
Q

What are two examples of thick skin?

A

soles of feet and palms of hands

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14
Q

What is thick skin made of?

A

Several thick cell layers, friction ridges

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15
Q

T/F

Thick skin is hairless.

A

True

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16
Q

What is thin skin?

A

has no friction ridges and is most of your body

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17
Q

What are friction ridges?

A

Finger prints

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18
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

Outermost layer

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19
Q

What does the epidermis consist of?

A

Epithelial cells

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20
Q

What are the 4 epithelial cells?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, epidermal dendritic cells, and tactile epithelial cells

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21
Q

What is keratinocytes?

A

Contains keratin, become corneocytes

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22
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Make pigment in skin

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23
Q

What do epidermal dendritic cells do?

A

Play a role in immunity

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24
Q

What are tactile epithelial cells?

A

Light touch receptors

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25
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum
26
What is stratum corneum?
Dead layer, sheds and is replaced
27
Where is stratum lucidum present in?
Thick skin only
28
What does stratum granulosum do?
Forms keratin
29
What does stratum spinosum do?
initiate protein synthesis
30
What does stratum basale do?
Mitosis
31
What are the steps of regeneration in epidermal growth and repair? (4)
mitosis of stratum basale, differentiation at stratum spinosum and granulosum, desquamation at stratum corneum
32
Regeneration is also called?
turnover
33
How long does regeneration take? (average)
35 days
34
What are the 3 processes of epidermal growth and repair?
regeneration, EGF (epidermal growth factor), and mechanical exfoliation
35
How many layers of skin does the dermis have?
Two
36
How many layers does the epidermis have?
Five
37
What are the two layers of the dermis?
Papillary and Reticular
38
What is the papillary layer? (3)
loose connective tissue, attaches to the stratum basale, contains friction ridges
39
Where does the dermis connect to the stratum basale?
Dermoepidermal junction
40
What is the reticular layer? (2)
point of attachment for some muscles, arrector pili muscles= goose bumps
41
What is the reticular layer made of? (2)
collagen fibers and some elastic fibers
42
What receptors do the reticular layer contain?
somatic sensory receptors
43
What are blisters?
cell junctions break down
44
T/F | The dermis has constant shedding during repair.
False
45
T/F | The dermis is where scar tissue is created.
True
46
What are langer's lines also called?
Cleavage lines
47
T/F | Surgical incisons parallel to langer's lines can decrease scarring.
True
48
What are langer's lines?
Patterns of fibers in the dermis
49
What does stretching of elastic fibers cause?
Stretch marks
50
What is the hypodermis also called? (2)
Subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia
51
What is the hypodermis make of? (2)
Loose fibrous and adipose tissue
52
What is the function of loose fibrous and adipose tissue in the hypodermis?
Determines mobility of the skin
53
What do the skin ligaments do in the hypodermis?
hold deep fascia and muscles in place
54
What are the 4 types of skin pigments?
Melanin, Beta-carotene, jaundice, and bruise
55
What is melanin produces by?
melanocytes in stratum basale
56
What are the 2 types of melanin?
Eumelanin and pheomelanin
57
What color is eumelanin?
black/brown
58
What color is pheomelanin?
red/orange
59
What is beta-carotene converted into?
Vitamin A
60
Beta-carotene makes the skin?
a yellowish discoloration
61
Jaundice is?
Bile pigments from breakdown of red blood cells
62
How is a bruise formed?
blood enters tissue and breaks down
63
What are glands called? (2)
Sweat or sudoriferous
64
What are the four types of glands?
Eccrine, apocrine, sebaceous glands, and ceruminous glands
65
What does the eccrine glands do?
produce sweat
66
Where are the eccrine glands located?
On total body surface
67
Where are the apocrine glands located? (3)
Armpit, breast, anus
68
What layer is the apocrine gland located in?
Subcutaneous layer
69
What do the apocrine glands do?
Produce thicker secretions linked with puberty and menstrual cycle
70
What are the functions of the sebaceous glands? (2)
lubricating mechanism and has an anti fungal effect
71
What is the sebaceous glands associated with?
Hair follicles
72
Where are the sebaceous glands located?
ducts= pimples
73
What are ceruminous glands?
modified sweat glands
74
What are the functions of the ceruminous glands? (2)
produce cerumen (ear wax), protects ear canal
75
What are the 4 types of disorders of the skin?
Infections, vascular and inflammatory, skin cancer, and burns
76
What are 4 types of skin infections?
impetigo, tinea, warts, boils
77
What is a tinea infection?
fungal infection
78
What are 5 types of vascular and inflammatory skin disorders?
Decubitus ulcers, uticaria, scleraderma, psoriasis, eczema
79
What is decubitis ulcers?
Pressure sores
80
What is uticaria disorder?
hives
81
What are the 4 types of skin cancer?
squamous cell, basal cell, malignant melanoma, kaposi sarcoma
82
How do you measure the degree of burns?
Rule of nines
83
What are the 3 appendages of the skin?
hair, nails, glands

Anatomy (7 decks)

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