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Health Science I | Kosciusko Attala CTC > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is the skin considered a membrane?

A

Because it covers the body

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2
Q

Why are organs considered skin?

A

Because they contain several kinds of tissues

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3
Q

Why is skin considered a system?

A

Because it has many functions

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4
Q

The skin covers over 3,000 square inches of surface area, and accounts for about ___ of our total body weight.

A

15%

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5
Q

What is the outmost layer of the skin that is made up of 5-6 smaller parts and contains no blood vessels or nerve cells?

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

What are the two main layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum and stratum germinativum

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7
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is the outermost layer where cells constantly shed?

A

Stratum corneum

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8
Q

Which layer of the epidermis provides cells to replace cells in the strata corneum?

A

Stratum germinativum

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9
Q

What layer of the skin is known as the “cornium” or “true skin”?

A

Dermis

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10
Q

What layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, oil and sweat glands?

A

Dermis

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11
Q

What’s another name for oil and sweat glands?

A

Sebaceous glands

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12
Q

What layer of the skin contains elective connective tissue and involuntary muscle?

A

Dermis

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13
Q

Within the dermis, there are ridges that form patters that are unique to each individual, what are these called?

A

Fingerprints

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14
Q

What part of the skin is used as a method of identification?

A

Fingerprints

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15
Q

What is the innermost layer of the skin?

A

Subcutaneous fascia (hypodermis)

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16
Q

What’s another name for the subcutaneous fascia?

A

Hypodermis

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17
Q

What layer of the skin contains adipose, fibrous connective tissue, and connects the skin to underlying muscles?

A

Subcutaneous fascia (hypodermis)

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18
Q

What’s another name for adipose?

A

Fatty tissue

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19
Q

The root of hairs grows in a hollow tube called a ___.

A

follicle

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20
Q

What is the main part of the hair that extends through the dermis and epidermis to outside the body?

A

Hair shaft

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21
Q

What are the functions of hair?

A
  1. Protect the body
  2. Aid in temperature regulation
  3. Serve as a warning
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22
Q

Hair covers all areas of the body except:

A
  1. Palms of hands

2. Soles of the feet

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23
Q

What’s the function of nails?

A

Protect the fingers and toes from injury

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24
Q

What are nails made of?

A

Dead keratinized epidermal epithelial cells that are packed densely

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25
Q

Where are the cells that make up nails formed?

A

Nail bed

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26
Q

The cells of nails will regrow if the ___ is not damaged.

A

nail bed

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27
Q

What are the functions of the integument?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensory perception
  3. Regulation of body temperature (Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation)
  4. Storage
  5. Absorption
  6. Excretion
  7. Production
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28
Q

What kind of things does the integument protect you from?

A
  1. The sun’s rays
  2. From invasion of pathogens
  3. Holds moisture in and prevents tissues from drying out
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29
Q

What kind of sensory perception does the integument provide?

A

Nerves are present in the skin so they help us respond to pain, pressure, temperature (heat/cold), and touch sensations

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30
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Blood vessels get smaller and retain heat (hold heat in when we are cold)

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31
Q

What is vasodilatation?

A

Blood vessels get larger and allow excess heat to escape through the skin (sweating, etc. when we are hot and need to cool down)

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32
Q

How does the skin provide storage?

A

The skin has tissues for temporary storage of fat, glucose (sugar), water, vitamins, and salts. The fat that is stored may be used as an energy source.

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33
Q

How is the skin’s absorption function used?

A

Medications are used through absorption in the skin. Ex: Motion sickness medication, heart medication, nicotine patches, hormones, etc…)

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34
Q

What kind of medications are absorbed through the skin?

A

Transdermal medications

Sticky patches placed on the skin

35
Q

What function of the skin helps the body eliminate salt, and excess water through sweating?

A

Excretion

36
Q

What function of the skin helps in the production of Vitamin D which it obtains from the sun’s rays?

A

Production

37
Q

How is vitamin D obtained?

A

From the sun’s rays

38
Q

What is the brownish-black pigment whose production is determined by the genes present in each racial group?

A

Melanin

39
Q

What activates the melanin to produce more to tan the skin?

A

UV light

40
Q

What forms freckles?

A

Small concentrated areas of melanin pigment

41
Q

What is the yellowish, red pigment that also helps to determine skin color?

A

Carotene

42
Q

What is the absence of color pigments?

A

Albino

43
Q

What are the characteristics of albinos?

A

Skin has pinkish tint, hair is pale yellow or white, and eyes are red in color and very sensitive to light.

44
Q

What abnormal skin color has a reddish color and is caused by burns or a congestion of blood in the vessels? (Infection/inflammation)

A

Erythema

45
Q

What abnormal skin color has a yellowish color and can indicate liver and/or gallbladder problems?

A

Jaundice

46
Q

What abnormal skin color has a bluish discoloration and is caused by insufficient oxygen associated with heart, lung, and circulatory problems?

A

Cyanosis

47
Q

What abnormal skin color gives warning of chronic poisonings?

A

Gray or brown

48
Q

What are macules?

A

Flat spots. (Ex: Freckles)

49
Q

What are papules?

A

Firm raised areas. (Seen in pimples, and early stages of the chicken pox)

50
Q

What are vesicles?

A

Blisters or sacs full of fluid. (Second stage of chicken pox)

51
Q

What are pustules?

A

Sacs filled with pus. (Acne or pimples)

52
Q

What are crusts?

A

Areas of dried pus and blood. (Commonly called scabs)

53
Q

What are wheals?

A

Itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape. (Hives and bug bites)

54
Q

What are cysts?

A

Closed sacs with a distinct membrane that develops abnormally in a body structure. (Usually filled with fluid material)

55
Q

What are ulcers?

A

Deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis. (May cause bleeding and formation of scars)

56
Q

What is a decubitus ulcer?

A

Common where bones are close to the skin and have prolonged pressure on an area that interferes with circulation. (Ex. Tailbone, hips, knees, ankles, elbows, etc…)

57
Q

What are other names for a decubitus ulcer?

A

Pressure ulcer or bed sore

58
Q

How many stages does a decubitus ulcer have?

A

4 (I, II, III, IV)

59
Q

In which decubitus ulcer stage is there red or blue/gray discoloration that does not disappear after pressure has been relieved?

A

1 (I)

60
Q

In which decubitus ulcer stage are there abrasions, bruises and/or open sores as a result of tissue damage to the top layers of the skin?

A

2 (II)

61
Q

In which decubitus ulcer stage is there a deep open crater that forms when all layers of the skin are destroyed?

A

3 (III)

62
Q

In which decubitus ulcer stage is there damage that extends into the muscle, tendon, and bone tissue?

A

4 (IV)

63
Q

How can you prevent the formation of decubitus ulcers?

A

Turn pts. every 2 hours

64
Q

What is the baldness or lack of hair growth that is permanent, genetic, and more common in men?

A

Alopecia

65
Q

What is acne vulgaris?

A

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands

66
Q

When does acne vulgaris occur?

A

Usually occurs at adolescence from hormonal changes

67
Q

What are the S/S of acne vulgaris?

A

Papules, pustules, and blackheads. Hair follicle becomes blocked with dirt, cosmetics, excess oil, and/or bacteria.

68
Q

That is the Tx for acne vulgaris?

A

Frequent & thorough washing of the skin with soap/water, topical antibiotics, chemical peels, microdermabrasion, avoid creams & heaving makeup

69
Q

What is athlete’s foot?

A

Contagious fungal infection that usually occurs on the feet

70
Q

What are the S/S of athlete’s foot?

A

skin itches, blisters, and cracks into open sores

71
Q

What is the Tx for athlete’s foot?

A

Antifungal medication (topical and/or oral), keep area clean and dry

72
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma?

A

Cancer of the basal cells in the epidermis of the skin that grows slowly and does not usually spread

73
Q

What are the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma?

A
  1. Lesions can be pink to yellowish-white in color

2. Lesions are usually smooth with a depressed center and an elevated, irregular shaped border

74
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Affects thin cells of epithelium but can spread quickly to other areas of the body

75
Q

What are the characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Lesions start as small, firm, red flat sores that later scale and crust

76
Q

What are sores that do not heal?

A

Frequently, squamous cell carcinomas

77
Q

Where does melanoma develop?

A

Develops in melanocytes of the epidermis

78
Q

What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?

A

Melanoma

79
Q

What are the characteristics of melanoma?

A
  1. Lesions can be brown, black, pink, or multicolored

2. Lesions are usually flat or raised slightly, asymmetrical in shape, and irregular or notched on the edges

80
Q

What does skin cancer frequently develop from?

A

Develops from a mole or nevus that changes in color, shape, size, or texture

81
Q

Bleeding and itching of a mole can also indicate ___.

A

cancer

82
Q

What are the some causes of skin cancer?

A
  1. Exposure to the sun
  2. Prolonged use of tanning beds
  3. Irritating chemicals
  4. Radiation
83
Q

What is the treatment for skin cancer?

A 
Removal of lesion
1. Cryotherapy-freezing
2. Laser therapy
3. Surgical excision
Radiation and/or chemotherapy may be used after the removal of the lesion depending on the degree of the cancer
84
Q

SLIDES NOT YET ADDED:

A 
DERMATITIS
ECZEMA
IMPETIGO
PSORIASIS
RINGWORM
VERRUCAE OR WARTS

Health Science I | Kosciusko Attala CTC (1 decks)

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