Integumentary System

Question 1

• contains cutaneous sensory receptors
• aids in the production of vitamin D
• is important in regulating body temperature
• plays a minor role in excretion and absorption.
• a protective barrier for the body

Answer 1

Functions of the Integumentary System

Question 2

the outer layer of the skin, is composed of epithelial tissue

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

the connective tissue layer that is firmly attached to the epidermis by a basement membrane, provides the avascular epidermis with nutrients, and connects the epidermis to the underlying hypodermis.

Answer 3

Dermis

Question 4

is a major storage site for adipose tissue.

Answer 4

Hypodermis

Question 5

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Answer 5

The epidermis is

Question 6

contains 8 to 10 rows of cells, mainly keratinocytes

Answer 6

The stratum spinosum (spinos- = thorn-like)

Question 7

This layer contains 3 to 5 rows of flattened keratinocytes that are beginning to die

Answer 7

The stratum granulosum (granulos- = little grains).

Question 8

This layer is translucent in specimens of fresh skin, but in prepared slides it may be clear or stained. Contains 3 to 5 rows of flat, dead keratinocytes.

Answer 8

The stratum lucidum (lucid- = clear)

Question 9

This layer is tough and water-repellent. These cells continually slough off and are replaced by cells in the adjacent layer. Is a very thick layer containing 25 to 30 or more rows of dead, squamous-shaped keratinocytes.

Answer 9

the stratum corneum (corn- = hard or hoof-like)

Question 10

Is found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet and has all five strata

Answer 10

Thick skin

Question 11

Covers the rest of the body, does not have a visible stratum lucidum and has a thinner stratum corneum than thick skin.

Answer 11

Thin skin

Question 12

A thin layer of areolar connective tissue that is deep to the stratum basale of the epidermis and the basement membrane.

Answer 12

The papillary region

Question 13

Finger-like projections of the papillary region that extend into the epidermis. In the palms, fingers, soles, and toes, the dermal papillae cause genetically determined whorls in the epidermis called epidermal ridges that increase surface area, friction, and grip. Sweat glands deposit their secretions onto these ridges, resulting in fingerprints when these ridges touch surfaces.

Answer 13

Dermal papillae

Question 14

The deeper and much thicker region of the dermis. It is composed mainly of dense, irregular connective tissue whose collagen fibers provide the skin with strength and whose elastic fibers provide elasticity.

Answer 14

The reticular layer

Question 15

or sweat glands, secrete a watery substance that is important in excretion and body temperature regulation.

Answer 15

Sudoriferous glands (sudori- = sweat; -ferous = bearing),

Question 16

The most common type of sudoriferous gland and are found on most areas of the body. Ducts from the these glands deposit their secretions, called sweat, on the epithelial surface.

Answer 16

Eccrine glands (eccrine = sweating outwardly)

Question 17

Found only in the axilla, genital area, and pigmented area around the nipples (areolae). These glands produce a secretion similar in composition to sweat but more viscous. This secretion, which is deposited on the distal end of the hair root, is odorless until broken down by bacteria.

Answer 17

Apocrine glands

Question 18

Found in the ear canal and secrete a waxy substance called cerumen that prevents foreign substances (including insects) from entering the auditory canal

Answer 18

Ceruminous glands (ceri- = wax)

Question 19

Found in the breasts and synthesize and secrete milk after appropriate hormonal stimulation.

Answer 19

Mammary glands

Question 20

These glands or oil glands, are found surrounding hair follicles and deposit sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair, into the neck of the follicle.

Answer 20

Sebaceous glands (sebace- = greasy)

Question 21

Found all over the body with the exception of the palms, soles, lips, and parts of the external genitalia. It consists of dead, keratinized epithelial cells and has two main sections

Answer 21

Hairs

Question 22

Projects from the skin surface

Answer 22

The shaft

Question 23

Extends into the dermis of the skin and sometimes the hypodermis.

Answer 23

The root

Question 24

Surrounds the hair root, is formed from epidermal layers that project into the dermis.

Answer 24

The hair follicle

Question 25

The expanded base of the hair follicle, contains the papilla of the hair and the matrix.

Answer 25

The hair bulb

Question 26

A projection of connective tissue into the hair follicle and contains blood vessels that provide nutrients to the dividing cells of the matrix.

Answer 26

The papilla

Question 27

Is derived from the stratum basale of the epidermis, forms new hair cells that are added to the base of the hair root.

Answer 27

The matrix

Question 28

Is comprised of dermal tissue surrounding the hair follicle

Answer 28

A connective tissue sheath

Question 29

A bundle of smooth muscle cells attached to the connective tissue sheath around the hair follicle.

Answer 29

The arrector pili (arrect- = to raise; pili = hair)

Question 30

The layer of hair that we see, is a thin layer of dead, flattened, keratinized cells that overlap each other like shingles on a roof.

Answer 30

The cuticle

Question 31

Cells in the…….. contain pigment granules that give hair its color.

Answer 31

cortex and medulla

Question 32

Are found on the distal ends of the digits, assist in grabbing and manipulating objects, and protect the digits

Answer 32

Nails

Question 33

The part of the nail that is visible

Answer 33

The nail body

Question 34

Extends beyond the digit,

Answer 34

The free edge

Question 35

Within the fold of skin at the proximal end of the nail body

Answer 35

The root

Question 36

The crescent-shaped area of the nail body distal to the nail roo

Answer 36

The lunula (lunula = little moon)

Question 37

The thickened epithelial tissue along the proximal border of the nail body.

Answer 37

The cuticle or eponychium (epi- = above; -onych = nail)

Question 38

is deep to the free edge and attaches the nail to the fingertip

Answer 38

The hyponychium (hypo- = below) or nail bed

Question 39

The epithelial tissue deep to the nail root that divides to produce new cells that are added to the nail body as it grows.

Answer 39

The nail matrix