Integumentary system Flashcards
integument skin (covering)
integument
the subcutaneous tissue just deep to the skin made up of mostly adipose tissue
hypodermis
What is the function of the hypodermis?
stores fat, anchors the skin, and acts as a shock absorber
the outer layer of the skin made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
epidermis
epidermal cell that produces keratin
keratinocyte
The fibrous protein that makes skin waterproof and keeps it strong, also found in hair and nails
keratin
“horn”
Greek meaning of “kera”
epidermal cell that produces the brown piment melanin
melanocyte
epidermal cell that acts as a macrophage to activate our immune system to destroy foreign substances
Langerhans’ cell
deepest epidermal layer made of a single row of cells that undergo rapid cell division
stratum basale
epidermal cell functions as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
Merkel cell
What are the three regions of the skin?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
List the 5 layers of the epidermis in order from the superficial to deepest layer.
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
Which layer of the epidermis is found only in thick skin?
stratum lucidum
Which layer of the epidermis consists of a single row of cells where rapid cell division occurs?
stratum basale
Which layer of the epidermis is made up of a weblike system of intermediate filaments with flattened keratinocytes that appear “spiny”
stratum spinosum
Which layer of the epidermis consists of three to five cell layers with keratinocytes that accumulate granules that form keratin and lipids that provide waterproofing
stratum granulosum
What are the two layers of the dermis?
papillary and reticular
What are the peglike projections on the superior surface of the dermis that indent the overlying epidermis?
dermal papillae
cell deep in the dermis that is
capable of detecting pressure
Pacini corpuscle
pigment that ranges in color from yellow to reddish-brown to black that is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight
melanin
A condition that occurs when hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated causing the skin to appear blue
cyanosis
term that means “sweat”
sudoriferous
produces true sweat; abundant on the palms of hand, soles of the feet, and forehead
eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland
produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins; found in the axillary (armpit) and anogenital areas of the body
apocrine sweat glands
modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal; produce sticky, bitter substance called cerumen (earwax)
ceruminous glands
specialized sweat glands that secrete milk
mammary glands
oil glands
sebaceous glands
Oil
Sebum
What stimulates sebum production?
hormones
What are the functions of the skin?
Regulates body temperature; Produces Vitamin D; Protection from chemical and physical injury: Blood reservoir; Excretion of nitrogenous wastes
What are the three types of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
the least malignant and most common type of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
the most dangerous skin cancer
melanoma
The components of the integumentary system are:
Sweat, sebaceous glands, nails, hair, skin and arrectores pillorm
