Integumentary System

Question 1

Bronzing brown

Answer 1

Caused by increased melanin
/ sun exposure, pregnancy, Addison’s disease /

Question 2

Blue cyanosis

Answer 2

Caused by deoxygenation of blood
/ anxiety, abnormal hemoglobin in the blood /

Question 3

Red/Erythema

Answer 3

Caused by increased visibility of oxyhemoglobin or increased blood flow to area

Question 4

Yellow/Jaundice

Answer 4

Increased bilirubin/ from bile/, or carotenemia in the blood

Question 5

Pale/Pallor

Answer 5

Decreased melanin or decreased oxyhemoglobin
/ albinism, vitiligo, shock, syncope, /

Question 6

Pruritus “ Heat rash ”

Answer 6

Unpleasant itching sensation

Question 7

Spider angioma

Answer 7

Central red spot with many thin arms / like spider or sun with many rays /

Question 8

If only one spider angioma is present, may be benign. More than 5 could be….

Answer 8

Liver failure or cirrhosis
/ Pregnant women increased estrogen level- these spots will blight /

Question 9

Cafe-au-lait spots

Answer 9

Flat light brown patches on skin surface
More than six spots on the body = neurofibromatosis

Question 10

Port-wine hemangiomas

Answer 10

Purple colored and at birth

Question 11

Chloasma

Answer 11

Increased skin pigmentation over the nose and cheeks / common seen in pregnancy /

Question 12

Keloid

Answer 12

Excessive overgrowth of scar tissue

Question 13

Scaling

Answer 13

Excessive layers of keratinized cells on top of skin surface

Question 14

Crusting

Answer 14

Dried residue of pus, serum or blood found in the skin

Question 15

Anhydrosis

Answer 15

No sweating

Question 16

Hyperhydrosis

Answer 16

Excessive sweating

Question 17

Furuncle

Answer 17

Inflammation of the hair follicle, filled with pus

Question 18

Comedo, called “Blackhead”

Answer 18

A plugged opening of a sebaceous gland / oil gland /

Question 19

Wheal, “Hives”

Answer 19

Skin is inflamed, slightly raised, may itch, feel warm to the touch

Question 20

Achrochordan “Skin tag”

Answer 20

Non-cancerous overgrowth of skin, common seen in who has overweight, diabetes, pregnant

Question 21

Petichiae

Answer 21

Small less than 3mm, red or purple, from broken blood vessels /lesion does not blanch pressure/

Question 22

Purpura

Answer 22

Larger than petechiae, 3-10mm, same as petechiae

Question 23

Ecchymosis “Bruise”

Answer 23

Larger than purpura, greater than 10mm/1cm, same as purpura

Question 24

Petechiae ….mm
Purpura ….mm
Ecchymosis …mm

Answer 24

3mm
3-10mm
Greater than 10mm/1cm

Question 25

Freckles

Answer 25

Small, flat, lesions, red brown or brown color. Usually on face, arms, back,
/ may fade or darken due to sun exposure /

Question 26

Moles

Answer 26

Flat or slightly elevated, eventually pigmented,

Question 27

Turgor test

Answer 27

If skin is quickly return, normal turgor
If skin takes longer than 30 seconds to return, poor turgor.
/ could be dehydration, edema /

Question 28

Alopecia

Answer 28

Diffuse hair loss

Question 29

Hirsutism

Answer 29

Excessive hairlines in women on body and face
Cushing’s syndrome, acromegaly, PCOS

Question 30

Digital clubbing

Answer 30

Thickened nail, nail angle greater than 180 degrees

Question 31

Digital clubbing with dyspnea, pursed lip breathing, barrel chest, peripheral cyanosis, signs of ?

Answer 31

Emphysema

Question 32

Digital clubbing with wheezing, dyspnea, neck vein distention, palpitations, edema, signs of ?

Answer 32

Heart failure

Question 33

Digital clubbing with hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pain, weight loss, fever, signs of

Answer 33

Lung and pleural cancer