Integumentary System Flashcards
What is the Integumentary System?
The layers of skin and tissue forming the external surface of the body.
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
Protection, sensory, and temperature regulation.
What is the main component of the integumentary system?
The skin
How many layers of skin are there?
Three
What are the different layers of skin?
The epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis
What is the outer layer/most superficial layer of skin?
The epidermis
Does the epidermis contain any blood vessels?
No, the epidermis does not contain any blood vessels (it is considered avascular).
What cells is the epidermis made up of?
Epithelial cells
How many layers of epithelial cells is then epidermis made up of?
Four to five layers
Along which layer do the newest epithelial cells form in the epidermis?
Along the bottom layer
What are the different types of cells that then epidermis consists of?
Keratinocytes: produce keratin;
Melanocytes: produce melanin;
Merkel cells: contain nerve endings to sense touch;
Basal cells: mature keratinocytes;
Langerhans cells: macrophages to engulf foreign particles.
Which layer is considered the “core” of integumentary system?
The dermis (the middle layer of the skin).
Does the dermis contain blood vessels?
Yes, the dermis contains blood vessels.
Does the dermis contain lymph vessels?
Yes, the dermis contains lymph vessels.
Does the dermis contain nerves?
Yes, the dermis contains nerves.
Does the dermis contain accessory structures?
Yes, then dermis contains accessory structures.
What are the accessory structures that the dermis contains?
Hair, sudoriferous glands, sebaceous glands.
What are the layers of the dermis?
The papillary layer and the reticular layer.
What layer is the deepest layer of then skin?
The hypodermis
What does the hypodermis do?
Attaches the skin to the bone.
What tissue does the hypodermis contain?
Adipose tissue (fat cells).
What does adipose tissue do?
- Stores fat, energy, and nutrients.
- Provides insulation and cushioning.
What is skin pigmentation determined by?
- Melanin: found in the epidermis;
- Carotene: found in the dermis;
- Hemoglobin: found in blood capillaries in the dermis.
What accessory structures are located in the integumentary system in general?
- Hair;
- Nails;
- Sudoriferous glands;
- Sebaceous glands.
How does hair grow?
Hair originates in the dermis and grows through the epidermis to the skin surface.
What is hair composed of?
Hair is composed of dead, keratinized cells.
What roles does hair support?
- Protection;
- Touch stimuli;
- Thermoregulation.
What does hair structure consist of?
- Follicle;
- Shaft;
- Root;
- Bulb;
- Arrector pili.
What are nails?
Nails are structures on the epidermis of fingers and toes, which provide support and protection.
What are nails composed of?
Nails are composed entirely of keratin.
What role do sudoriferous glands play?
Sudoriferous glands produce sweat to cool the body.
Where do sudoriferous glands originate from?
Sudoriferous glands originate in the dermis and project through the epidermis to a small opening.
What glands are the sudoriferous glands comprised of?
The apocrine and eccrine gland.
What role do sebaceous glands play?
Sebaceous glands are oil glands which lubricate and waterproof skin and hair, by producing and excreting sebum onto the skin surface.
Aden/o
Gland
Albin/o
White
Bi/o
Life
Cellul/o
Little cell
Cutane/o
Skin
Derm/a/o
Skin
Dermat/o
Skin
Erythr/o
Red
