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A&P > INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Skin condition due to infected sebaceous glands

A

Acne

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2
Q

Genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production

A

Albinism

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3
Q

Active phase of the hair growth cycle

A

Anagen

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4
Q

Type of sweat gland that is associated with hair follicles in the armpits and genital regions

A

Apocrine sweat gland

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5
Q

Smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair “stand up”

A

Arrector pili

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6
Q

Type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis

A

Basal cell

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7
Q

Cancer that originates from basal cells in the epidermis of the skin

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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8
Q

Sore on the skin that develops when regions of the body start necrotizing due to constant pressure & lack of blood supply; also called decubitis ulcers

A

Bedsore

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9
Q

Thickened area of the skin that arises due to constant abrasion

A

Callus

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10
Q

Transitional phase marking the end of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle

A

Catagen

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11
Q

Type of callus that is named for its shape & the elliptical motion of the abrasive force

A

Corn

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12
Q

In hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair Matrix, as seen in a cross- section of the hair bulb

A

Cortex

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13
Q

In hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

A

Cuticle

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14
Q

(Plural=dermal papillae) extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis & dermis

A

Dermal papilla

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15
Q

Layer of skin between the epidermis & hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue & containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands & other structures

A

Dermis

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16
Q

Structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells

A

Desmosome

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17
Q

Type of sweat gland that is common throughout the skin surface; it produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation

A

Eccrine sweat gland

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18
Q

Skin condition due to an allergic reaction. Which resembles a rash

A

Eczema

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19
Q

Fibers made of the Protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

A

Elastin fibers

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20
Q

Clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidity that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss

A

Eleiden

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21
Q

Outermost tissue layer of the skin

A

Epidermis

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22
Q

Nail field that meets the proximal end of the nail body. Also called the cuticle

A

Eponychium

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23
Q

Outer layer of the hair follicle that is an extension of the epidermis, which encloses the hair root

A

External root sheath

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24
Q

Superficial burn that injures only the epidermis

A

First-degree burn

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25
Q

Burn in which full thickness of the skin and underlying muscle & bone is damaged

A

Fourth-degree burn

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26
Q

Layer of connective tissue that surrounds the base of the hair follicle, connecting to the dermis

A

Glassy membrane

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27
Q

Keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis

A

Hair

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28
Q

Structure at the base of the hair root that surrounds the dermal papilla

A

Hair bulb

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29
Q

Cavity or sac from which hair originates

A

Hair follicle

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30
Q

Layer of basal cells from which a strand of hair grows

A

Hair matrix

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31
Q

Mass of connective tissue, blood capillaries, & nerve endings at the base of the hair follicle

A

Hair papilla

32
Q

Part of hair that is below the epidermis anchored to the follicle

A

Hair root

33
Q

Part of hair that is above the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle

A

Hair shaft

34
Q

Connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone & muscle

A

Hypodermis

35
Q

Thickened layer of stratum corneum that lies below the free edge of the nail

A

Hyponychium

36
Q

Skin and it’s accessory structures

A

Integumentary system

37
Q

Innermost layer of keratinocytes in the hair follicle that surround the hair root up to the hair shaft

A

Internal root sheath

38
Q

Type of scar that has layers raised above the skin surface

A

Keloid

39
Q

Type of structural Protein that gives skin, hair, & nails it’s hard, water-resistant properties

A

Keratin

40
Q

Cell that produces keratin and is the most predominant type of xell found in the epidermis

A

Keratinocyte

41
Q

Granulated Protein found in the stratum granulosum

A

Keratohyalin

42
Q

Specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage

A

Langerhans cell

43
Q

Basal part of the nail body that consist of a crescent-shaped layer of thick epithelium

A

Lunula

44
Q

In hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix

A

Medulla

45
Q

(Also,tactile corpuscle) receptor in the skin that respo ds to light touch

A

Meissner corpuscle

46
Q

Pigment that determines the color of hair & skin

A

Melanin

47
Q

Cell found in the stratum basal of the epidermis that produces the pigment melanin

A

Melanocyte

48
Q

Type of skin cancer that originates from the melanocytes of the skin

A

Melanoma

49
Q

Intercellular vehicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes into keratinocytes of the epidermis

A

Melanosome

50
Q

Receptor cell in the stratum basal of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch

A

Merkel cell

51
Q

Spread of cancer cells from a source to other parts of the body

A

Metastasis

52
Q

Layer of epidermis upon which the nail body forms

A

Nail bed

53
Q

Main keratinous plate that forms the nail

A

Nail body

54
Q

Fold of epithelium that extends over the nail bed, also called the eponychium

A

Nail cuticle

55
Q

Fold of epithelium at that extend over the sides of the nail body, holding it in place

A

Nail fold

56
Q

Part of the nail that is lodged deep in the epidermis from which the nail grows

A

Nail root

57
Q

(Also, lamellated corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to vibration

A

Painting corpuscle

58
Q

Superficial layer of the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue

A

Papillary layer

59
Q

Deeper layer of the dermis; it has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers

A

Reticular layer

60
Q

Disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, which leads to the weakness of bones

A

Rickets

61
Q

Collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing that is different from normal skin

A

Scar

62
Q

Type of oil gland found in the dermis all over the body & helps to lubricate & waterproof the skin & hair by secreting sebum

A

Sebaceous gland

63
Q

Oily substance that is composed of a mixture of lipids that lubricates the skin & hair

A

Sebum

64
Q

Partial-thuckness burn that injures the epidermis & a portion of the dermis

A

Second-degree burn

65
Q

Type of skin cancer that originates from the stratum spinosum of the epidermis

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

66
Q

Deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells

A

Stratum basale

67
Q

Most superficial layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum corneum

68
Q

Layer of epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum

A

Stratum granulosum

69
Q

Layer of epidermis between the stratum granulosum & stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet & digits

A

Stratum lucidum

70
Q

Layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes

A

Stratum spinosum

71
Q

Mark formed on the ski. Due to a sudden growth spurt & expansion of the dermis beyond its elastic limits

A

Stretch mark

72
Q

Sweat gland

A

Sudoriferous gland

73
Q

Resting phase of the hair growth cycle initiated with catahen & terminated by the beginning of a new anagen phase of hair growth

A

Telogen

74
Q

Burn that penetrates & destroys the full thickness of the skin (epidermis & dermis)

A

Third-degree burn

75
Q

Compond that aids absorption of calcium & phosphates in the intestine to improve bone health

A

Vitamin D

76
Q

Skin condition in which melanocytes in certain areas lose the ability to produce melanin, possibly due an autoimmune reaction that leads to loss of color in patches

A

Vitiligo

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