INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
components of the integumentary system
A
skin, hair, nails, glands
2
Q
main functions of skin
A
protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D production
3
Q
the largest organ of the body
A
skin
4
Q
average weight of skin
A
6-8 lbs
5
Q
average surface area of skin
A
20 square feet
6
Q
3 layers of the skin
A
epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis/subcutaneous layer
7
Q
structure of epidermis (type of epithelium)
A
keratinized stratified squamous
8
Q
2 main functions of epidermis
A
protection against abrasion, prevention of water loss
9
Q
structure of dermis (type of tissue)
A
dense irregular tissue (for elasticity and can withstand pressure)
10
Q
fatty layer of the skin
A
hypodermis/subcutaneous layer
11
Q
structure of hypodermis (type of tissue)
A
loose connective tissue (adipose and areolar)
12
Q
functions of hypodermis
A
connects dermis (skin) to muscles, shock-absorber of the body, insulator, energy reservoir
13
Q
most superficial layer of the skin
A
epidermis
14
Q
the epidermis receives nutrients via ________; nutrients come from the _______
A
diffusion; dermis
15
Q
this process involves the replacement of cells from normal cells with keratin
A
keratinization/cornification
16
Q
in which body parts can keratinization occur
A
feathers, hair, nails, claws, horns
17
Q
how much does an individual’s skin shed normally
A
1 lbs
18
Q
layers of epidermis (thick skin)
A
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
19
Q
layers of epidermis (thin skin)
A
stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basalea
20
Q
hairless type of skin
A
thick skin
21
Q
type of skin found in your soles and palms
A
thick skin
22
Q
type of skin found all over the body
A
thin skin
23
Q
TRUE OR FALSE:
the epidermis is vascular
A
FALSE (it is avascular and receives nutrition via diffusion)
24
Q
TRUE OR FALSE:
the layers of thin skin include the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basalea
A
FALSE (walang stratum lucidum ang thin skin)
25
different cell types in the epidermis
keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, merkel cells
26
where are keratinocytes mainly located
on the outer layer of the skin
27
function of keratinocytes
production of keratin
28
this cell type is responsible for skin pigmentation
melanocytes
29
main function of melanocytes
production of melanin
30
immune cells of the epidermis
langerhans cells
31
main function of langerhans cells
engulf pathogens
32
WBC found outside blood vessels
macrophages
33
WBC found inside blood vessels
monocytes
34
specialized epidermal cells associated with nerve endings
merkel cells
35
main function of merkel cells
sensation (detects touch and superficial pressure)
36
this epidermal layer is in direct contact with the basement membrane
stratum basale
37
stratum basale contains what type of cells
basal cells (cuboidal/columnar), melanocytes, and merkel cells
38
other term for stratum basale
stratum germinativum
39
which epidermal layer is responsible for the production of new skin cells to replace the top/dead skin cells
stratum basale
40
TRUE OR FALSE:
stratum basale consists of highly mitotic cells
TRUE
41
approximately how many days does the stratum basale undergo mitotic division
19 days
42
how many days will it take for skin cells to reach the epidermal surface
40-56 days
43
the stratum spinosum consists of ______ layers of ______ cells
8-10; many sided cells/spined cells
44
spined cells in the stratum spinosum are bound by ________
desmosomes
45
what types of cells can be found in the stratum basale
basal cells, melanocytes, merkel cells
46
what type of cells can be found in stratum spinosum
keratinocytes and langerhans cells
47
this is the granular layer of the epidermis
stratum granulosum
48
TRUE OR FALSE:
melanocytes from the spinosum migrate to form lipid granules
FALSE:
keratinocytes from the spinosum migrate to form protein granules
49
in which layer does keratinocytes from the spinosum migrate to form protein granules
stratum granulosum
50
TRUE OR FALSE:
most cells in the top part of the stratum granulosum are dying flat cells
TRUE
51
this is the translucent layer of the epidermis
stratum lucidum
52
this is the clear intracellular protein found in the keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum
eleidin
53
most superficial part of the epidermis
stratum corneum
54
the stratum corneum is composed of what type of cells/tissue
dead keratinized tissues (corneocytes)
55
how many layers does stratum corneum have
25 or more
56
hairless type of skin
thick skin
57
why is thick skin (palms and soles) relatively lighter than other parts of the body
because the outermost layer is farther away from the basal layer with melanocytes, decreasing its pigment
58
TRUE OR FALSE:
stratum corneum is known to be thinner in thick skin than in thin skin
FALSE (it's factually THICKER)
59
TRUE OR FALSE:
the type of skin affects skin color
TRUE
60
this is the thickest layer of the skin
dermis
61
what type of tissue is the dermis made of
dense irregular connective tissue
62
what are the structures present in the dermis
nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles (arrector pili), glands, lymphatic/blood vessels
63
what are the types of cells present in the dermis
fibroblasts (connective tissue) , macrophages, mast cells, and WBCs
64
what are the types of fibers present in the dermis
collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers
65
this type of fiber strengthens your tissue
collagen fibers
66
this type of fiber provides elasticity
elastic fibers
67
this type of fiber binds collagen and elastic fibers together
reticular fibers
68
main functions of the dermis
main water supply of the body, provides nutrition for the epidermis, and temperature regulation (sweat glands)
69
TRUE OR FALSE:
the dermis is highly vascular
TRUE
70
these are nipple-like projections on the upper part of the dermis that contains blood vessels
dermal papillae
71
these structures form the fingerprints and footprints on thick skin
dermal papillae
72
give one function of the dermal papillae
provides friction for better grip
73
what are the layers of the dermis
dermal papillae, papillary layer, and reticular layer
74
this layer of the dermis is in direct contact with the basement membrane
papillary layer
75
functions of the papillary layer
regulates body temp and supplies nutrition for the epidermis
76
structure of the papillary layer
loose connective tissue (possible areolar tissue)
77
this is the second (deepest) layer of the dermis
reticular layer
78
functions of the reticular layer
structure, elasticity, and support for the components of the skin
79
this appears when skin is overstretched and damaged
stretch marks
80
medical term for stretch marks
striae
81
what accessory structures are found in the reticular layer of the dermis
hair, arrector pili, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
82
also known as the subcutaneous layer
hypodermis
83
the hypodermis is a network of [types of tissues] and [type of fibers]
fat (adipose and areolar); collagen
84
this connects the dermis to the muscles
hypodermis
85
structure of hypodermis
loose connective tissue (adipose and areloar)
86
types of accessory skin structures
hair, nails, and glands
87
in which layer are accessory structures located
a. epidermis
b. dermis
c. hypodermis
b. dermis
88
this is found everywhere in the skin except in thick skin
hair
89
what is responsible for hair pigmentation/color
melanin with a mixture of keratin
90
major types of hair
vellus and terminal hair
91
this type of hair does not project beyond the hair follicles
vellus hair
92
TRUE OR FALSE:
vellus hair is more heavily pigmented than terminal hair
FALSE
93
in which areas of the body can terminal hair be found
underarms, pubic area, and beard
94
concentric layers of the hair
inner medula (innermost), cortex, cuticle (outermost)
95
which concentric layer of the hair is covered with hard keratin
cuticle
96
terminal hair is longer and deep within the ___________
hair bulb
97
this reacts with cold temperature and emotions (fear) and is responsible for goosebumps
arrector pili
98
what type of muscle is the arrector pili
smooth muscle
99
TRUE OR FALSE:
the skin contains a certain type of muscle
TRUE (arrector pili)
100
the nails are made up of ________________ cells
(highly keratinized) epithelial
101
what mineral hardens the nail
calcium
102
the cuticle is made up of dead keratinized skin cells; the eponychium is made up of ______________
alive cells (with prominent nucleus and cells)
103
average growth rate of nails a day
0.5-1.2 mm
103
4 types of glands
sebaceous, sweat, ceruminous, and mammary glands
104
other term for sweat glands
sudoriparous glands
105
types of sweat glands
eccrine and apocrine
106
this type of gland is found by the hair follicles
sebaceous gland
107
secretion of sebaceous glands
sebum
108
TRUE OR FALSE:
body secretions are odorless unless they come in contact with normal flora
TRUE
109
how many sweat glands are in an adult body
3-4 million
110
secretion of eccrine glands
isotonic fluid with salt
111
secretion of apocrine glands
3-methyl-2hexanoic acid
112
apocrine glands are found in what parts of the body
armpits and genitals
113
ceruminous glands are modified ________ glands found in the external auditory canal
eccrine
114
secretion of ceruminous glands
cerumen
115
modified apocrine glands
mammary glands
116
