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anatomy integumentary system > integumentary system > Flashcards

integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

skin (the largest organ) and accessory structures of hair, nails, glands, muscles and nerves

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

medical specialty for integumentary system disorders

A

dermatology

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3
Q

superficial thinner portion epithelial tissue (top)

A

epidermis

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4
Q

deeper thicker portion connective tissue (middle)

A

dermis

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5
Q

not part of the skin below skin areolar tissues adipose tissues and storage depot of fat contains large vessels and contains lamellated corpuscles

A

hypodermis/ subcutaneous layer

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6
Q

pressure sensitive nerve endings in subcutaneous layer

A

lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles

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7
Q

90% epidermal cells arrange layers produce protein keratin protects skin and body from heat, microbes, chemicals produce lamellar granules release water-repellent sealant.

A

keratinocyte

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8
Q

8% epidermal cells produce pigment melanin brown-black pigment determines skin color absorbs UV light shields nucleus & DNA

A

Melanocyte

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9
Q

small fraction (<2%) arise from red bone marrow migrate to epidermis participate in immune responses against microbes invading skin easily damage by UV light

A

Langerhans cells

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10
Q

least numerous (<1%) located in deepest layer contact flattened process of sensory neuron tactile detect different aspects of touch sensations

A

Merckel cells

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11
Q

(bottom) deepest layer of epidermis single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes some cells are stem cells continually divide produce new keratinocytes

A

stratum basale

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12
Q

8-10 layers of many-sided keratinocytes some cells may retain ability to divide when prepared for microscope cells shrink & pull apart look like they have spines, spines are locations where tonofilaments insert into desmosomes

A

stratum spinosum

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13
Q

3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes cells undergoing apoptosis

A

stratum granulosum

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14
Q

present only in fingertips, palms, soles 3-5 layers flattened clear dead keratinocytes large amounts of keratin and thickened plasma membranes

A

stratum lucidum

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15
Q

25-30 layers flattened dead keratinocytes continuously shed & replaced

A

stratum corneum

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16
Q

sloughing takes 4 weeks on average

A

stratum basale

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17
Q

superficial dermis 1/5 th of total thickness areolar CT with elastic fibers

A

papillary region of dermis

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18
Q

small projections of dermis increase surface area may contain capillary loops

A

dermal papillae

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19
Q

touch receptors

A

meissner corpuscles

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20
Q

warmth, coolness, pain, tickling, itching

A

free nerve endings

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21
Q

dense irregular CT collagen bundles interlacing net-like coarse elastic fibers a few adipose cells hair follicles, nerves sebaceous glands (oil) sudoriferous (sweat) glands

A

reticular region of dermis

22
Q

are tiny pockets in the skin where hair grows, each hair follicle has a root

A

hair follicles

23
Q

are tiny glands in the skin that produce sebum, and oily substance that lubricates and protects the skin and hair.

A

sebaceous glands (oil glands)

24
Q

are tiny glands in the skin that produce sweat

A

sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)

25
Q

synthesize melanin from amino acid tyrosine suing enzyme tyrosinase

A

melanocytes

26
Q

what is skin color due to?

A

is by the amount and type of melanin in the skin square millimeter of skin

27
Q

number of melanocytes?

A

there are between 1000 and 2000 melanocytes per square millimeter of skin or approximately 5% to 10% of the cells in the basal layer of the epidermis

28
Q

amount of melanin/ melanocyte?

A

the more melanin the darker skin you will have but the least of melanin the lighter color you will have

29
Q

causes skin color to vary

A

melanin

30
Q

yellow-orange pigment precursor to vitamin A found in stratum corneum found in fatty areas of dermis and subQ layers

A

carotene

31
Q

with oxygen= red is loaded with oxygen giving blood a bright red color

A

hemoglobin

32
Q

is a yellow- orange pigment that is produced when red blood cells bread down

A

bilirubin

33
Q

thick skin

A

palms, digits, sole

34
Q

thin skin

A

rest of body

35
Q

differences between thick & thin skin?

A

thick skin has epidermal ridges, no hair follicles, more sweat glands, more sensory receptors. think skin has no epidermal ridges, hair follicles, less sweat glands, less sensory receptors.

36
Q

bundle of smooth muscle cells associated with hairs, causing the hairs to stand on end, known colloquially as goose bumps

A

arrector pilli

37
Q

dendrites of neurons sensitive to touch and generate nerve impulses if hair shaft moved

A

hair root plexuses

38
Q

cells of matrix differentiate keratinize die

A

growth stage of hair (2-6 years)

39
Q

hair growing stops, after resting stage hair root falls out, new hair grows in its place, at nay one time about 85% of scalp hairs are in growth stage

A

resting stage of hair (3 months)

40
Q

excessive body hair excessive amounts of androgens may have tumor of adrenal glands, testes, ovaries have polycystic ovary syndrome.

A

hirsutism

41
Q

simple branches acinar glands usually connected to hair follicles

A

sebaceous glands (oil glands)

42
Q

simple coiled tubular glands widely distributed swear= water, urea, uric acid, ammonia, amino acids, glucose duct opens as pore at epidermal surface

A

eccrine sweat glands

43
Q

simple coiled tubular glands mainly in axilla, groin, areola bearded region of M face formerly though to be apocrine really merocrine and slightly viscous of proteins and lipids

A

apocrine sweat glands

43
Q

thickened region of stratum corneum found beneath free edge on nail secures nail to fingertip

A

hyponychium

43
Q

modified sweat glands in external ear waxy secretion

A

ceruminous glands

44
Q

whitish, crescent-shaped area of proximal end of nail body whitish because vascular tissue underneath hidden behind thick stratum basale

A

lunula

45
Q

evaporation of sweat from the skin surface helps lower body temperature during moderate exercise blood flow through skin increase amount of heat radiated from body increases.

A

functions of skin thermoregulation

45
Q

migration of cells stops when cells from opposite sides of the wounds meet

A

contact inhibition

45
Q

narrow band of epidermis occupies proximal border of nail consists of stratum corneum

A

eponychium or cuticle

46
Q

functions of skin

A

-protection= keratin, lipids, oily sebum, acidic pH, melanin, epidermal Langerhands cells, macrophages.
-cutaneous sensation= touch, pressure, vibration, tickling, warmth, coolness, pain
-excretion= the elimination of substances from the body sweat is vehicle of excretion for small amounts of salts, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and urea
-synthesis of vitamin D

anatomy integumentary system (2 decks)

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