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Medical Surgery II > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the purpose of the integument?

A
  • Protect the body from
    environmental injuries
  • Help regulate body temperature
  • Serve as sensory organs
  • Facilitate the synthesis of Vitamin D
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2
Q

What two layers compose the skin?

A

Epidermis & Dermis

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

The outermost layer of the skin

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4
Q

Dermis

A

Lies below the epidermis

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5
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

An outer layer of dead skin cells contained in epidermis

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6
Q

Keratin

A

A tough protective protein formed by the stratum corneum

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7
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue

A

The layer of skin attached to muscle and bone composed of connective tissue and fat cells

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8
Q

What does the dermis consist of?

A

Connective tissue, elastic fibers, blood vessels, sensory and motor nerves, sweat and sebaceous (oil) glands and hair follicles (roots)

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9
Q

Melanin

A

A pigment manufactured by melanocytes located in the epidermis; determine the color of the skin

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10
Q

Callus

A

A thick layer of epidermal cells which form in response to recurring friction on an area of skin

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11
Q

What are the four methods in which heat is lost?

A

Radiation, conduction, evaporation and convection

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12
Q

Radiation

A

The transfer of surface heat in the environment

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13
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat through contact (like placing a cool cloth on warm skin)

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14
Q

Evaporation

A

The loss of moisture or water

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15
Q

Convection

A

The transfer of heat by means of currents of liquids or gases in which warm air molecules move away from the body

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16
Q

What are the three types of sensory nerve endings in the skin?

A
  • Mechanoreceptors
  • Thermoreceptors
  • Nociceptors
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17
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Detect touch, location, pressure, motion, vibration, size and texture

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18
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Perceive sensations of heat and cold

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19
Q

Nociceptors

A

Sense and transmit the location of pain stimuli

20
Q

7-dehydrocholesterol

A

A chemical substance formed by the skin which facilitates the synthesis of vitamin D when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light

21
Q

Vellus hair

A

Has a wooly or wispy texture

22
Q

Terminal hair

A

A coarser variety of hair that develops at puberty under the influence of androgen in the axillae, pubic region, face in men, arms, chest and legs

23
Q

What are the two types of hair?

A

Vellus and Terminal

24
Q

What are the three types of melanin?

A

Brown, black and yellow

25
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Connected to each hair follicle and secrete an oily substance called sebum

26
Q

Sebum

A

A lubricant that prevents drying and cracking of the skin and hair

27
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine and Apocrine

28
Q

Eccrine Glands

A

Release water and electrolytes, such as sodium chloride, in the form of perspiration

29
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Found around the nipples, in the anogenital region, in the eyelids (Moll’s glands), in the mammary glands of the breast and in the external ear canals

30
Q

Pallor

A

Pale, regardless of race
possible causes: anemia, blood loss

31
Q

Erythema

A

Red
possible cause: superficial burns, local inflammation, carbon monoxide poisoning

32
Q

Flushed

A

Pink
possible cause: fever, hypertension

33
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Purple
possible cause: trauma to soft tissue

34
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue
possible cause: low tissue oxygenation

35
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow
possible cause: liver or kidney disease, destruction of red blood cells

36
Q

Tan

A

Brown
possible cause: racial variation, sun exposure, pregnancy, Addison disease

37
Q

Macule

A

Flat, round, colored (freckles, rash)

38
Q

Papule

A

Elevated, obvious raised border, solid (Wart)

39
Q

Vesicle

A

Elevated, round, filled with serum (Blister)

40
Q

Wheal

A

Elevated, irregular border, no free fluid (Hives)

41
Q

Pustule

A

Elevated, raised border, filled with pus (Boil)

42
Q

Nodule

A

Elevated solid mass, extends into deeper tissue (enlarged lymph node)

43
Q

Cyst

A

Encapsulated, round, fluid-filled or solid mass beneath the skin (Tissue growth)

44
Q

Stage I Pressure Injury

A

Characterized by redness of intact skin; non-blanchable; DO NOT MASSAGE

45
Q

Stage II Pressure Injury

A

Red and accompanied by blistering or a shallow break in the skin, sometimes described as a skin tear; partial thickness loss of skinwith exposed dermis

46
Q

Stage III Pressure Injury

A

Medical Surgery II (1 decks)

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