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Health Science A & P > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Integumentary means..

A

“covering”, also called the cutaneous membrane

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2
Q

Functions of the Skin

A

Protects from dehydration, injury, and germ invasion

Regulates body temperature

Manufactures vitamin D

Contains nerves and receptors

Temporary storage of fat, glucose, water, and salts

Screen out ultraviolet radiation

Special absorptive properties

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3
Q

Structure of the Skin (Two Layers)

A

Epidermis, the outermost covering
-Epithelial cells
-Avascular

Dermis, “true skin”
-Connective tissue
-Vascular

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4
Q

Skin Appendages

A

Hair

Nails

Sebaceous glands

Sweat glands

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5
Q

Epidermal Cells

A

Keratinocytes: produce the protein keratin

Merkel cells: sensory receptors for touch

Melanocytes: produce the pigment melanin

Langerhans: macrophages that defend against organisms

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6
Q

Epidermal Layers

A

Stratum germinativum: deepest epidermal layer

Stratum spinosum: 8-10 cell layers thick

Stratum granulosum: site of keratinization

Stratum lucidum: palms/soles

Stratum corneum: dead cells

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7
Q

Skin Color

A

Melanin: pheomelanin (lighter skin) and eumelanin (darker skin)

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8
Q

Dermis

A

Also known as “Corium”

Thicker, inner layer of the skin, below the epidermis

Mast cells respond to injury, infection, or allergy, produces histamine and heparin

Many nerve receptors

Blood vessels aid in regulation of body temperature to maintain homeostasis

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9
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Also known as “Hypodermal Layer”

Not a true part of the integumentary system

Lies under dermis

Attaches integumentary system to surface muscles underneath

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10
Q

Hair

A

Anatomy of a single strand

-Outer cuticle layer
-Cortex
-Inner medulla
-Root
-Shaft
-Hair follicle
-Arrector pili muscle

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11
Q

Nails

A

Hard structures covering dorsal surfaces of the last phalanges of the fingers and toes

Formed in nail bed or matrix

Some disease and condition may be revealed by color of nails

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12
Q

Integument and Microorganisms

A

Protects against pathogens and water loss.

Most skin bacteria are associated with hair follicles and sweat glands

Preventing spread of disease:
20 seconds hand wash

2-4 infectious material

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13
Q

Environmental Factors Affecting the Skin

A

Allergens in the air

Sensitivity to certain foods, materials, or chemicals

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14
Q

Sweat (sudoriferous glands)

A

Perspiration 99% water

Excreted through pores

Under control of the nervous system

Ceruminous, or wax, glands are found in ear canals

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15
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Sebum is a thick, oily substance, protects the skin

Sebum lubricates skin, keeping it soft and pliable

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16
Q

Disease

A

Distinct and measurable

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17
Q

Disorder

A

Might indicate a specific disease is possible

Not enough clinical evidence for diagnosis

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18
Q

Congenital Skin Disorders

A

Rare and vary in severity

-Albinism : Partial or complete loss of pigmentation

-Birthmarks : either vascular or pigmented

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19
Q

Athlete’s foot

A

Contagious fungal infection

20
Q

Dermatitis

A

Noncontagious inflammation of the skin that may be nonspecific

21
Q

Eczema

A

Acute or chronic, noncontagious inflammatory skin disease

Dry, itchy, scaly

22
Q

Impetigo

A

Acute, inflammatory, contagious

Caused by staph or strep

Yellow crusts

23
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic, noncontagious, inflammatory autoimmune disease

Dry, reddish patches covered with silvery white scales

Onset triggered by stress, trauma, or infection

24
Q

Ringworm

A

Highly contagious fungal infection

Raised, itchy, circular patches with crust

25
Q

Urticaria (hives)

A

Noncontagious skin condition; intensely itchy wheals or welts

Generally a response to an allergen

26
Q

Boils (Carbuncles)

A

Noncontagious, painful bacterial infection of hair follicles or sebaceous glands

27
Q

Moles

A

Benign growths

28
Q

Rosacea

A

Noncontagious, common, inflammatory disorder

Chronic redness and irritation to the face

29
Q

Herpes

A

Viral infection that is usually seen as a blister

30
Q

Herpes Simplex

A

Cold sores or fever blisters around face and mouth

Virus may appear as a blister in genital area (genital herpes)

31
Q

Shingles (Herpes zoster)

A

Skin eruption due to viral infection of nerve ending

Commonly seen on chest or abdomen

Sever pain known as herpetic neuralgia

32
Q

Head lice

A

Parasitic insects, contagious condition

33
Q

Ingrown nails

A

Improper nail trimming or tight shoes

34
Q

Fungal infections

A

Infections of the nail that often cause nail to separate from nail bed

35
Q

Warts

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections affecting skin near nail

36
Q

Skin Cancer (Three types)

A

Associated with exposure to UV

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Malignant melanoma

37
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Most common and least malignant type; usually occurring on face

38
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Most often found on scalp and lower lip

39
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

Metastasizes to other areas quickly

Change in color or size of preexisting wart or mole

40
Q

First degree burn

A

Epidermis only

sunburns

redness, swelling, and pain

41
Q

Second degree (partial thickness) burn

A

Epidermis and dermis

redness, swelling, pain, and blistering

42
Q

Third degree (full thickness) burn

A

complete destruction of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers

Eschar: black, burned, tissue

43
Q

Rule of Nines

A

Measures the percent of body burned

Body is divided into 11 areas

Each area accounts for 9%

44
Q

Abrasion

A

Injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away

45
Q

Fissure

A

Groove or cracklike break in the skin

46
Q

Laceration

A

Torn or jagged wound

47
Q

Pressure/Decubitus Ulcer

A

Bedsores are preventable and primary concern of healthcare providers

stages:
1. Redness only, skin intact
2.Blistered skin, broken or unbroken
3.skin breaks through layers
4.ulceration to underlying muscle and bone

Health Science A & P (2 decks)

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