Integumentary system Flashcards
Skin
An aggregation of tissues that performs a certain function (organ)
Skin Facts
Carries out a specialized function, Occupies (3000sq in) in area, also know as the cutaneous membrane.
Skin functions
regulates body temperature, protection, sensory reception, excretion + secretion, synthesis and storage of nutrients, immunity
what can change temperature
sweating, blood flow
What vitamin does the skin produce
Vitamin D
cells involved in immunity
Langerhans & Granstein cells
Kerationocytes
cell responsible for waterproofing the skin
Melanocytes
cell responsible for skin color
Nonpigmented Granular Dendrocytes
cell Involved in immune response
part of the epidermis that has 5 layer is called
“strata”
5 layers of the epidermis
1.stratum corenum
2.stratum lucidum
3.stratum granulosum
4. stratum spinosum
5.stratum basale
how is skin color determined
determined by the interaction of pigments in the Epidermis and the blood flow in the dermis
carotene pigment
orange and yellow pigment
melanin pigment
yellow brown or black pigment
albinism
lack of melanin
vitiligo
Patchy white spots due to loss of pigment.
Keratinization
The synthesis of Vitamin D using skin pigment and small amounts of ultraviolet radiation
Freckles
concentration of melanin in patches
Melanoma
skin cancer
Dermis
Contains numerous blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles. Also split into two divisions, papillary and reticular layer.
papillary layer of dermis
Contains loose connective tissue, capillaries, nerves and Contains Fraction Ridges, and form fingerprints.
reticular layer of dermis
has Strength, Extensibility, Elasticity. contains Striae- Silver/White streaks, (stretch marks) and Elastic & Collagen Fibers.
hypodermis
Subcutaneous (fat) Layer, made of loose connective and adipose tissue
hypodermis function
Allows the other layer to anchor to the body. is an Energy reserve & Shock Absorber. has Large Blood Vessels (good for administering needles) “hypodermic needle”.
three types of cancer
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanomas
hair
Made of dead skin cells and protein
hair function
Protects from heat and foreign objects, sensory
Hair Follicle
Structure below the skin that produces hair.
hair root
Portion of hair that anchors it to the skin.
hair shaft
Portion that sticks out of the surface of the skin.
Hair Papilla
Connective tissue containing capillaries and nerves.
Arrector Pili
Smooth muscle around the follicle that allows hair to stand up
nail
Plates of tightly packed, hard cells of the epidermis
nail bed
Area of the epidermis directly under the cover of the nail
nail root
Under the surface of the skin, its is a fold of epithelial tissue from the stratum corneum. Location of nail production.
Cuticle
Exposed nail nearest to the nail root it is a portion of the stratum corneum that extends over the exposed nail
lunula
Pale crescent shading near the cuticle
three types of glands
oil, sweat, wax
sebaceous gland(holocrine)
Oil gland that secretes a lipid onto the surface of the skin
• Sebum • Acne
two types of Sudoriferous Gland(sweat)
apocrine and merocrine
apocrine
Discharge their product into the hair follicles in the armpit, around the nipples, and in the groin.
mecrocrine
Discharge their product or secretion onto the surface of the skin.
Abrasion
Results from scraping against a solid object, bleeding can be slight.
incision
Linear cut produced by sharp objects, bleeding can be severe if deep vessels are damaged.
laceration
Jagged, Irregular tear in the skin’s surface, bleeding can be severe, lacerations are prone to infection.
puncture
Results from slender, pointed object piercing the epithelium. Little bleeding.
