Integumentary System Flashcards
Describe a ‘macule’ and an example
A flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the colour of the skin;
less than 1 cm in diameter
Freckles, flat moles (naevi), petechiae, measles, scarlet fever
What is the difference between primary and secondary lesions?
Primary is original appearance, secondary has changed over time.
A wart is what?
Papule - An elevated circumscribed area
less than 1 cm in diameter
A flat, non-palpable, irregular-shaped macule more than 1 cm in diameter is what?
Patch - examples vitiligo, port of wine stain
Psoriasis, seborrhoeic and actinic keratoses are all examples of?
Plaque
Elevated, firm and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
What is a ‘wheal’?
Elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous oedema; solid, transient; variable diameter
Insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction
What is a ‘nodule’?
Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion;
deeper in dermis than a papule;
1–2 cm in diameter
Erythaema nodosum, lipomas
What is a tumour?
Elevated, solid lesion; may be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter
Neoplasms, benign tumour, lipoma, haemangioma
Varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles) are both?
Vesicle
Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, does not extend into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter
A vesicle greater than 1cm in diameter is what?
Bulla
Blister
Acne is what?
Pustule
Describe a cyst
Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material
Fine, irregular red lines produced by capillary dilation are?
Telangiectasia
Describe scale? (secondary lesion)
Heaped-up, keratinised cells; flaky-skin; irregular shape; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size
Flaking of skin with seborrhoeic dermatitis following scarlet fever, or flaking of skin following a drug reaction; dry skin
Lichenification? (secondary)
Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity
Chronic dermatitis
What forms after surgery?
Keloid
Irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing
When you scratch yourself it is a ?
Excoriation
Loss of the epidermis; linear, hollowed-out, crusted area
A fissure is what?
Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry
Athletes foot
cracks at side of mouth
After you pop a blister it is called a ?
erosion
What is an ulcer?
Loss of epidermis and dermis; concave; varies in size
Ageing skin is?
Atrophying
Thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin markings
Name the three main types of skin cancer and the cells affected in each.
Basal Cell carinoma - basal layer of the epidermis
Squamous cell - keratinocytes in the outer layers of the epidermis
Melanoma - melanocytes
Describe Stage One pressure injury
painful, firm, soft, warmer or cooler compared to adjacent tissue.
Describe stage two pressure injury (partial thickness)
shallow, open wound with a redpink wound bed, without slough.
Or intact or open/ruptured serum-filled blister.
Describe stage three pressure injury (full thickness skin loss)
Subcutaneous fat visible but bone, muscle and tendon isn’t
Describe stage four pressure injury (full thickness tissue loss)
exposed bone, muscle or tendon.
Slough or eschar present.
Describe unstageable pressure injury
Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the PI is covered by slough (yellow, tan, grey, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan, brown or black) in the PI bed.
Stage can’t be determined until slough and eschar is removed.
