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CABS - integumentary system > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary System

A

protect against microorganisms, UV radiation, mechanical forces, maintains euthermia and prevents fluid loss

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2
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Stratum Corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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3
Q

What cells make up the epidermis

A

Stratified squamous cells

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4
Q

Stratum corneum

A

thickest layer that contains all dead cells that will slough off
contains keratin which toughens and protects against mechanical stressors
keratinocytes lie flat and stacked
tight bonds prevent loss of fluids

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5
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

beginning to die, changing shape - nucleus is lost

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6
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

keratinocytes are differentiating after production at basale

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7
Q

Stratum Basale

A

creates the stratum cells, includes the melanocytes which control the color - makes new keratinocytes which will move upward to renew the skin

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8
Q

other cells within the epidermis

A

melanocytes, landerhan cells and merkel cells

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9
Q

Merkel cells are responsible for

A

light touch mechanoreceptors

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10
Q

Langerhans cells are associated with

A

immune response and show antigens to T cells

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11
Q

Location of langerhans cells

A

within straum spinosum

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12
Q

what types of cells are langerhans cells

A

a type of dendritic cells

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13
Q

What do the melanocytes do

A

secrete pigment in response to UV light and melanocytes-stimulating hormone

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14
Q

what do melanocytes protect against

A

UV radiation

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15
Q

Burns of the epidermis allow for

A

excess water loss and exposure of nerve endings that cause significant pain

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16
Q

What does the Dermal layer allow for

A

skin mobility

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17
Q

what is the extracellular matrix of the dermis

A

haphazard arrangement of collagen, elastic and reticular fibers which allow for mobility

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18
Q

what is included within the dermis

A

hair follicles, glands, vasculature, lymphatics and more nerves

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19
Q

what are Rete pegs

A

epidermal ridges are the papillae that allow for adhesion of the epidermis and the dermis

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20
Q

Layers of the dermis

A

Papillary and Reticular layers

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21
Q

what does the papillary layer allow for

A

dilation which assists with heat release or constriction

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22
Q

what is contained within the papillary layer

A

macrophages and mast cells

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23
Q

what does the papillary layer include

A

thin layer containing blood vessels and areolar connective tissues

24
Q

What does the reticular layer contain

A

histocytes and fibroblasts

25
Q

what do histiocytes and fibroblast help with

A

inflammation and wound healing

26
Q

What do fibroblasts secrete

A

connective tissue matrix including collagen

27
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer made of

A

adipose tissues

28
Q

features of the subcutaneous layer

A

varying thickness, connects dermis to underlying muscle

29
Q

what is contained within the subcutaneous layer

A

macrophages, fibroblasts, gat cells, nervous tissue, vasculature, lymphatics , roots of the hair follicles

30
Q

what does subcutaneous layer assist with

A

thermal insulations and fat revision for energy storage

31
Q

pallor

A

decreased blood flow

32
Q

cyanosis

A

decreased O2 in affected tissues

33
Q

jaundice

A

increased bilirubin

34
Q

albinism

A

lack of melanin

35
Q

What are nails made of

A

kertainized plates

36
Q

what is the purpose of the nails

A

protection of finger tips and aids in tactile sensation

37
Q

what is the eponychium

A

cuticle

38
Q

what is the nail matrix

A

proximal nail fold is the area of growth

39
Q

what is hair made of

A

keratin

40
Q

purpose of hair

A

retain heat and secondary sexual characteristics and helps with sensation of mechanioreceptors

41
Q

where is the root of the hair located

A

dermis

42
Q

where is the hair generated

A

bulb

43
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

smooth muscle that will pull hair upright

44
Q

what lubricates the hair

A

sebaceous glands

45
Q

what does the secabous gland secrete

A

sebum

46
Q

what are the properties of sebum

A

antibacterial and antifungal

47
Q

what do lysozymes break down

A

gram-positive bacteria broken down - sweat tears and saliva

48
Q

Types of sweat glands

A

apocrine and eccrine sweat glands

49
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

emotional stress and sexual arousal - highest concentration in axilla, face, abdomen and genitals

50
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

help with thermoregulation - highest concentration in palms, soles and forehead

51
Q

What makes up sweat

A

filtered plasma - h2o, Na, urea, uric acid, aminos, ammonia, lactic acid, phermones

52
Q

what is the pH of sweat and how is it beneficial

A

pH 4-6 and prevents bacterial growth

53
Q

What is required for the absorption of calcium and phosphate

A

vitamin D

54
Q

how is vitamin D absorbed

A

through sunlight in inactive form in the keratinocytes and need to be converted

55
Q

where is vitamin D converted into the active form

A

Liver and kidneys

56
Q

What are key parts to thermal regulation

A

capillaries in the dermis and sweat glands

57
Q

where does absorption begin on the skin

A

stratum corneum through the epithelium

CABS - integumentary system (1 decks)

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