Integumentary System Flashcards
hair follicle
Extends from the epidermal surface to the dermis and produces hair
Eccrine Sudoriferous Gland
Produces sweat and functions in thermoregulation
Epidermis
superficial layer of skin composed of stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis
Under the epidermis and composed mostly of fibrous connective tissue
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous tissue deep under the skin and mostly abundant adipose tissue
Increased body temperature
Dermal blood vessels will vasodilate to allow heat to dissipate
Decrease body temperature
Dermal blood vessels will vasoconstrict to conserve body heat
Melanoma Skin Cancer
Very likely to metastasize; most dangerous; cancer of the melanocytes
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Appears as a scaly reddened papule; grows rapidly; metastasizes; starts in the stratum spinosum
Lunule
White crescent area located over the nail matrix
Hemoglobin, Carotene, and Melanin
Pigments that contribute to skin color
Vitamin D
Synthesized by the skin and needed for Calcium absorption
Sensory receptors
Located in the skin and allows the skin to receive stimuli
Epidermis and Dermis
Main layers of the skin
Melanocytes
Spidery-shaped cells in the stratum basale that produce melanin; all humans will have about the same amount
First-degree burn
Epidermal damage only; redness, edema and pain
Second-degree burn
Epidermal and upper dermal damage; redness, pain, and blisters
Third-degree burn
Full-thickness damage; gray-white to blackened; no edema or pain; grafts usually necessary
Stratum basale
Base/deepest layer of epidermis; active mitosis; composed of melanocytes
Stratum spinosum
Layer of epidermis; Kerantinocytes location; squamous cell carcinoma starts here
Stratum granulosum
Layer of epidermis; Keratinization begins in this layer
Stratum lucidum
Layer of epidermis only in thick skin; cells here die from lack of nutrients and oxygen; clear layer
Stratum corneum
Most superficial layer of the epidermis; horny layer; acts as a water proof barrier
Dehydration
First threat to life of someone with a critical burn
Diffusion
Process that allows the avascular epidermis to receive nutrients
Apocrine and Eccrine Glands
The two types of sudoriferous glands that may be stimulated by both high temperatures and hormones (especially androgens); regulated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Apocrine Sweat Glands
Begin functioning at puberty; under hormonal control; located in axillary and anogenital area; function unknown; odorless milky to yellowish colored secretions
Eccrine Sweat Glands
Secretions 99% water; responsible for body temperature regulation; located on forehead and back
Keratin
Water-proofing protein found in the skin, hair and nails
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Tissue of the epidermal layer of the skin
Sebum
Oily secretion of sebaceous glands; prevents bacterial invasions of the skin by killing bacteria
Sebaceous glands
Secrete mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells (sebum); mostly inactive until puberty; stimulated by hormones (especially androgens); infectious inflammation of these glands can result in acne
Integumentary System
Made up of the skin, hair, nails, and glands
Nail Bed
Epidermis underneath keratinized nail plate; appears pink in the presence of many blood vessels in the underlying dermis
Dermal papillae
Located in the papillary layer of the dermis; create dermal and epidermal ridges; create unique fingerprints and footprints
Cyanosis
Blue skin color
Erythema
Redness; fever, hypertension, inflammation, embarrassment or allergy
Pallor
Blanching or pale color; fear, anger, anemia, or low blood pressure
Jaundice
Yellow cast; liver disorders
Bronzing
Appearance of a permanent tan; Addison’s disease
Ceruminous gland
Modified apocrine gland; produces cerumen (ear wax)
Mammary gland
Modified apocrine gland; produces milk
Arrector pili muscle
Smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle; responsible for “goose bumps”
Hair shaft
Area of a hair that extends above the scalp or skin
Vernix caseosa
Sebaceous gland secretion that protects skin of fetus while in watery amniotic fluid; white, cheesy-looking substance
Hair
Consists of dead keratinized cells; produced by the hair bulb (deep end of follicle); contains hard keratin
Malignant
Cancerous
Benign
Noncancerous; most skin tumors
Thick Skin
Five epidermal strata; found on palms and soles
Thin Skin
Four epidermal strata; lacks the clear layer of the epidermis
UV radiation
Overexposure is the single most important risk factor for skin cancer
