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ANAPHY LAB > INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q
  • outermost layer of the skin on the body
  • 5 layers/strata
A

epidermis

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2
Q

epi

A

upon

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3
Q
  • layers of the epidermis from deepest to nearest to the surface
A
  • stratum basale
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum corneum
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4
Q
  • consisting of a single row of continually renewing keratinocytes, tactile epithelial cells and 10-25% melanocytes that reaches into the next layer,
A

stratum basale

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5
Q
  • consisting of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes interspersed abundantly with melanin granules and dendritic cells
A
  • stratum spinosum
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5
Q
  • consisting of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes interspersed abundantly with melanin granules and dendritic cells
A
  • stratum spinosum
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6
Q
  • consisting of 1-5 layers of keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis and keratinization, forming keratohyaline and lamellar granules releasing a lipid-rich secretion that maintains hydration and protection against foreign
    materials.
A
  • stratum granulosum
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7
Q
  • unique only in the thick skin areas subject to friction and abrasion- fingertips, palms and soles of the foot, consisting of four to 6 layers of flattened, clear, dead keratinocytes.
A
  • stratum lucidum
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8
Q
  • consists of 20-30 layers of continuously replaced a nucleated keratinocytes. In thin skin, which covers the rest of the body, the Stratum Lucidum appears to be absent and the other strata are thinner.
A
  • stratum corneum
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9
Q
  • is highly vascularized and richly supplied with nerve fibers and lymphatic vessels. It is composed of two distinct layers.
A

dermis

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10
Q
  • the thin, superficial accounts for 20% of the thickness of the dermis, made up of areolar connective tissue, interlaced with collagen, elastic fibers and small blood vessels.
  • contains the derma papillae
A

papillary layer,

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11
Q

free nerve endings

A

pain receptors

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12
Q

peg like projections

A

derma papillae

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13
Q

touch receptors

A

tactile or meissner’s corpuscles

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13
Q

touch receptors

A

tactile or meissner’s corpuscles

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14
Q
  • the deeper layer, accounting for
    about 80% of the thickness of the dermis, is coarse, dense irregular connective tissue.
  • The extracellular matrix houses adipose cells and interlacing collagen fibers.
A

reticular

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15
Q
  • other name for hair
  • divided into two sections
A

pili

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16
Q
  • which projects above the surface of the skin where keratinization is complete
A

shaft

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17
Q

that penetrates into the dermis where in
keratinization is still ongoing

A

root

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18
Q

these 2 regions in the hair consist of three (3) concentric layers of keratinized cells

A
  • medulla
  • cortex
  • cuticle
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19
Q

-surrounding the root
- is made up of the epithelial root sheath

A

hair follicle

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20
Q
  • onion shaped structure, comprises the base of the
    follicle and the surrounding dermal sheath
  • house the e hair papilla and hair matrix
A

hair bulb

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21
Q
  • a nipple shaped indentation which contains areolar connective tissue and many blood vessels that nourish the growing hair follicle.
A

hair papilla

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22
Q

that arises from the stratum basale, the site of cell division.
- produces new hair cells, the older part is pushed upwards, its fused cells become increasingly keratinized and die.

A

the hair matrix

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23
Q
  • an attached bundle of smooth muscle cells
  • which when contracted pulls the hair follicle upright and dimples the skin surface to produce goose bumps in response to cold temperatures or fear
  • sebum out of hair follicles to the skin surface where it acts as a skin lubricant.
A

arrector pili

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24
Q

are plates of tightly packed, hard, dead and keratinized cells that functions to:
- protect the dorsal surface of the distal ends of the digits,
- enhance touch perception and manipulation
- relieve itches though scratching and help to groom the body in various ways.

A

nails

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25
Q

extends past the distal end of the digit and beneath it, where most debris and dirt accumulate

A

free edge

26
Q

which mainly secures the nail to the fingertip

A

hypnonychium

27
Q
  • is the visible portion resting on the
    vascular nail bed
A

nail plate/body

28
Q

to which the whitish, crescent-shaped area of the proximal end

A

lunula

29
Q
  • The epithelium proximal to the nail root
  • produces new nail cells
A

nail matrix

30
Q
  • overlap the proximal and lateral borders of the nail.
A

Nail folds

31
Q

is the nail fold that projects onto the nail body.

A

The cuticle/eponychium

32
Q

aka sudoriferous glands are distributed over the entire skin surface except the nipples and parts of the external genitalia

A

sweat glands

33
Q
  • aka Merocrine
  • are simple coiled tubular sweat glands, far more numerous and abundant on the palms, soles of the feet, and forehead, extends to open directly onto the skin surface in a funnel-shaped pore at the skin surface and by their sweat production help to control body temperature.
A

Eccrine

34
Q
  • are confined chiefly in the axillary and genital regions and usually open into hair follicles.
A

apocrine glands

35
Q
  • contains the same basic components as true sweat, plus fatty substances and proteins
A

Apocrine secretion

36
Q

are modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal forming a sticky, bitter substance called cerumen, or earwax.

A

Ceruminous gland

37
Q

aka sebaceous glands are simple branched alveolar glands present on all skin surfaces except in the thick skin of the palms and soles. secrete sebum.

A

oil glands

38
Q
  • oily/fatty substance
  • with bactericidal properties through the hair follicles or occasionally to a pore on the skin surface which softens and lubricates the hair and skin, prevents hair from becoming brittle, and slows water loss from the skin when external humidity is low.
A

oil glands

39
Q

refers to the bluish discoloration of the skin due to decreased levels of hemoglobin, the iron-containing- oxygen carrying pigment found in red blood cells evident during heart failures and severe respiratory disorders. In Dark-skinned individuals,
is apparent in the mucous membranes and nail beds.

A

cyanosis

40
Q

or blanching refers to a change in skin color during episodes of fear, anger, and certain other types of emotional stress. Pale skin may also signify anemia or low blood
pressure.

A

Pallor

41
Q

refers to the abnormal yellow skin tone which usually signifies a liver disorder in which normally secreted bile pigments accumulate in the blood and are therefore
deposited in the body tissues.

A

Jaundice

42
Q

. If it is flat and small (<1 cm)
Seen in malignant melanomas
and the fungal infection, Tinea versicolor

A

macule.

43
Q

If it is flat and large, (>1 cm),
evident in Seborrheic dermatitis and vitiligo

A

patch

44
Q

If a raised spot is small (<1 cm)
examples are skin tags, basal cell carcinoma

A

papule

45
Q

If a raised spot is larger (>1 cm), commonly seen in
psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

A

plaque

46
Q

small (<1 cm),
evident in infections caused by the Herpes simplex virus and contact dermatitis from poison ivy

A

vesicle

47
Q

If the lesion is raised, fluid-filled and larger (>1 cm), commonly seen in insect bites

A

bulla

48
Q

Additional raised lesions
that are a collection of neutrophils or keratin seen in acne
vulgaris.

A

pustules

49
Q

due to inflamed hair follicles. A collection of multiple furuncles is known as
carbuncles.

A

Furuncles

50
Q

encapsulated collections of fluid that may be fixed/
mobile

A

Subcutaneous mass/cyst

51
Q

are areas of localized edema that comes and goes within 1-2 days, seen in
urticaria or hives.

A

Wheals

52
Q

evident as small linear pathways caused by the scabies mite

A

Burrows

53
Q

the
single most important risk factor for skin cancer

A

Overexposure to UV radiation

54
Q

is the least malignant
and most common accounting for nearly 80% of
cases. Stratum basale cells proliferate, invading the
dermis and hypodermis. It is relatively slow-growing,
and metastasis seldom occurs before it is noticed.
Full cure by surgical excision is the rule in 99% of
cases

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

55
Q

due to inflamed hair follicles. A collection of multiple is known as
carbuncles

A

furuncles

56
Q

a is the second most common skin cancer, arising from the
keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum. It tends to grow rapidly and metastasize if not removed.
If it is caught early and removed surgically or by radiation therapy, the chance of complete cure
is good.

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

57
Q

cancer of melanocytes, is the most dangerous skin cancer, accounting for only
2-3%. It is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy. The key to surviving is
early detection. Chance of survival is poor if the lesion is over 4 mm thick. The usual therapy for
melanoma is wide surgical excision accompanied by immunotherapy

A

melanoma

58
Q

are devastating tissue damage
inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation,
or certain chemicals, all of which denature cell
proteins and kill cells in the affected areas.
The immediate threat to life results from
catastrophic loss of body fluids leading to
dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, then
renal failure and circulatory shock
- categorized by their depth

A

burns

59
Q

only the epidermis is damaged

A

first degree burns

60
Q

injure the epidermis and
the upper region of the dermis.

A

second degree burns

61
Q

are fullthickness burns, involving the entire thickness
of the skin. Since the nerve endings have been
destroyed, the burned area is not painful.

A

third degree burns

62
Q
  • In adults, the volume of fluid lost can be
    estimated by computing the percentage of
    body surface burned using the
  • This method divides the body into 11
    areas, each accounting for 9% of total body
    area, plus an additional area surrounding
    the genitals accounting for 1% of body
    surface area.
A

the rule of nines

63
Q

abcd rule for melanoma

A
  • asymmetry
    -border
  • color
  • diameter
  • evolution

ANAPHY LAB (2 decks)

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