integumentary system Flashcards
What are the four kinds of tissues?
Epithelium
Connective
Nervous
Muscular
Where is epithelium tissue in the body?
Hair, skin, nails (as sheets of cells)
Lining cavities
forming environmental boundaries as
coverings (external to organs, internal inner layer of vein/arteries)
What is the function of the epithelium?
protection
control body temp
absorb, secrete, filter and sensations
make vit D
What are some ways epithelium differs from other kinds of tissue?
densely packed
supported by connective tissue
has a polarity (top/bottom)
Microvilli and cilia
Avascular
regenerative ((cancer=too much *carcinoma) & stomach cells when burned by acid or lunch cells experience toxins))
Special cell contracts, hemidesmosomes, desmosomes, etc)
What are desmosomes? hemidesmosomes?
D: attach adj. cells w proteins called CADHENNS. is located in cell cytoskeleton fibers (intermediate filaments)
H: attach epithelial cell to basement membrane using proteins called INTEGRINS. also attached to intermediate filaments.
What are tight junctions and gap junctions?
TJ: a barrier between apical and basilar surfaces. purpose is to not allow mlcls to pass between cells (PARACELLULAR pthwy) unless the cell wants.
GJ: allow ions and small mlcls to pass through channels called CONNEXONS. important in cardiac and smooth tissue- allow electrical signal to pass through cells
(ex Ca2+ channel + ATPase allow Ca2+ through cell)
What happens when inflammation is involved in tight junctions?
LEAKY GUT! allow movement between compartments (lets some substances through cells and into surrounding tissue creating more problems)
Describe Basal lamina and Basal membrane
Basal Lamina anchors surface of cell to hemidesmosomes and acts as selective filter (made of lamina lucinda and lamina densa)
Basal Membrane is acellular adhesive layer btwn epithelial and connective tissue and is made of basal lamina
epithelial cell-> hemiDesmosomes- (Lam. Lucida, Lam densa)= basal lamina, reticular lamina
What are the 10 systems in the body and which facilitate other systems?
So (SKELETAL)
Many (MUSCULAR) (S)
Cats (CARDIOVASCULAR)
Never (NERVOUS)
Even (ENDOCRINE) (N)
Let (LYMPHATIC) (CARD)
Regal (RESPIRATORY)
Dogs (DIGESTIVE)
Ultra (URINARY) (Card)
Represent (REPRODUCTIVE)
What are the levels of organization from cell to community?
How is order established?
Atom mlcl organelle tissue organ organ system organism community
- establish order w chemical energy
anatomy v physiology
A: study of structure
P: study of function
Function determines structure!
what is homeostasis?
the ability of an organism to maintain and regulate its internal environment in response to external stimuli- maintenance of equilibrium around a set point
How is homeostasis accomplished?
receptor receives stimuli
control center integratesw the info
Effectors carry out control center instructions
positive and negative feedback and examples of each:
P: amplifies stimulus to encourage a reaction (child birth or blood clotting)
N: response counteracts a stimuli to return to set point (body temp, blood sugar, pH)
What is important for organisms survival?
optimal nutrients (food, O2, water) Lacking toxins homeostatic functions
Functions of Skeletal System:
support and protect organs
allows for movement w muscular system
blood cell formation and mineral storage (CA2+)
Functions of Muscular system:
Movement and product heat
Nervous system functions:
internal organism Communication
response to stimuli
Functions of Endocrine system:
Glands to regulate
Communication through blood stream
Functions of cardiovascular system:
Transport, hormone, O2, blood cells and nutrients
Functions of Lymphatic system:
1- drain excessive fluid in tissues to bloodstream
2- storage WBC for immunity response
Function of respiratory system:
Gaseous exchange for respiration
Function of digestive system:
bring in nutrients and excrete wastes
Function of urinary system:
Filter blood, regulate water and electrolytes
Function of reproductive system:
Start new life
Difference between thick and thin skin?
THICK has no hair, palms and soles of feet, THICK epithelium layer
THIN skin has hair follicles, fewer layers of epidermis, dermis has additional features (nervous tissue, glands, hair, vascular fxns)
Layers of epidermis
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum (last living layer), stratum spinosum (desmosomes) stratum basale (melanocytes), basement membrane,
layers of dermis
hemidesmosomes, papillary layer, dermal papillae, papillary capillaries, connective tissue (fibroblast and collagen), contains capillaries pacinian and meissner corpuscles, hair follicles (Thin skin), sebaceous and sweat glands, reticular layer, hypodermis
How can you tell secretory and excretory cells apart in a slide?
Secretory - more fatty (less pigmented
EXCRETORY - more pink/colorful, more near apical surface
