Integumentary, Body Planes, Wounds, Positions, Infection Control, and Skeleton System Flashcards
the surface epithelium of the skin, overlaying the dermis
Epidermis
the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis; forms true skin
Dermis
situated or applied under the skin
Subcutaneous
the partial or complete absence of hair from normal areas
Alopecia
yellowing if the skin or whites of eyes
Jaundice
an oval yellowish area surrounding the fovea near the retina
Macule
a small raised solid pimple or swelling
papul
a small blister or pimple containing pus
Pustule
an open sore inside or outside the skin caused by an unhealed break in the skin or mucus membrane
Ulcer
a small fluid filled bladder, sac, cyst or vacuole in the body
Vesicle
a red swollen mark left on flesh by a blow or pressure
Wheals
a blueish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation
Cyanosis
a fungal infection that occurs mostly on the skin in-between toes; is a form of ringworm
Athletes Foot
What are the seven functions of the skin?
protection, sensation, regulation, absorption, excretion, vitamin D synthesis, and aesthetic and social functions.
What is the purpose of Melanin?
provides pigmentation to skin, eyes, and hair
Different types of skin cancer?
Basal cell cancer, Melanoma, Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the Cranial Cavity?
houses the brain
What is the Frontal Plane?
separates the front and back of the body
What is the Inferior Plane?
lower part of the body
What is the Lateral Plane?
separates left and right sides of the body
What is the Proximal Plane?
near, closer to the origin on the body
What is the Superior Plane?
upper part of the body
What is the Transversal Plane?
separates upper and lower parts of the body
What is the Ventral Plane?
toward the bottom
What is an Abrasion?
a superficial rub or wearing off of the skin, usually caused by a scrape or a brush burn
What is an Incision?
a surgical cut made in skin or flesh.
What is a Laceration?
a skin wound
What is a Puncture Wound?
a type of cut that is made when a sharp object, like a nail, goes through the skin and into the tissue underneath
What is an Avulsion?
a failure of bone in which a bone fragment is pulled away from its main body by soft tissue that is attached to it
What is an Amputation?
a failure of bone in which a bone fragment is pulled away from its main body by soft tissue that is attached to it
How can you prevent ulcers?
Regularly changing a person’s lying or sitting position is the best way to prevent pressure ulcers. Special mattresses and other aids can help to relieve pressure on at-risk areas of skin
What are the 3 positions and what do you need to put patients in these positions?
Supine Position: face up with their head resting on a pad positioner or pillow and their neck in a neutral position
Lateral Position: Position the patient’s upper leg straight and support it with pillows between the legs. Place safety straps across the patient’s hips. Use lateral braces, kidney braces and bean bag positioners
Prone Position: Use chest supports that extend from the clavicle to the iliac crest. Ensure the breast, abdomen, and genitals are free from pressure. Pad the patient’s knees.
Elevate the patient’s toes off the bed with padding under the shins.
