Integumentary

Question 1

deeper layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer 1

hypodermis

Question 2

Cell of the epidermis undergo diff erentiation to form stratifi ed squamous kerati-nized epithelium.

Answer 2

keratinocytes (85% of the epidermis)

Question 3

single layer of small, mitotically active basal cells that are attached by hemidesmosomes to underlying connective tissue and by desmosomes to each other.

Answer 3

stratum basale

Question 4

Attaches basal cells to underlying connective tissue

Answer 4

Hemidesmosomes

Question 5

Keratinocytes are attached to each other by

Answer 5

Desmosomes

Question 6

located at the ends of their cytoplasmic processes containing keratin fi laments

Answer 6

Desmosomes

Question 7

contains several layers of larger keratino-cytes

Answer 7

stratum spinosum

Question 8

distinct layer of fl attened kerati-nocytes fi lled with keratohyalin granules

Answer 8

stratum granulosum

Question 9

contain precursors to fi laggrin,

Answer 9

keratohyalin granules

Question 10

when secreted, are responsible for the formation of the epidermal water barrier

Answer 10

lamellar bodies containing lipids,

Question 11

most superfi cial layer of terminally diff erentiated squamous cells (with no nuclei) that are entirely fi lled with keratin fi laments.

Answer 11

stratum corneum

Question 12

constantly desqua-mating from the skin surface.

Answer 12

terminally diff erentiated squamous cells (with no nuclei)

Question 13

Total epidermal turnover time takes approximately

Answer 13

47 days.

Question 14

(5% of cells in epidermis) reside in the stratum basale and have long processes that extend between keratinocytes into the stratum spinosum.

Answer 14

Melanocytes

Question 15

Melanocytes synthesize and during the process of pigment donation, melanocytes transfer them into adjacent keratinocytes.

Answer 15

melanin pigment in melanosomes

Question 16

Th e transferred pigment accu-mulates above nuclei of keratinocytes to

Answer 16

protect nuclear DNA from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and damage.

Question 17

antigen-presenting cells involved in signaling of the immune system

Answer 17

Langerhans’ cells (2% to 5%)

Question 18

mecha-noreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings.

Answer 18

Merkel’s cells (6% to 10%)

Question 19

Th e dermis is composed of

Answer 19

papillary layer

reticular layer

Question 20

con-sists of loose connective tissue (collagen I and III) that contains extensive plexus of blood, lymphatic vessels, and sensory nerve endings.

Answer 20

Papillary layer

Question 21

composed of dense irregular connective tissue contain-ing type I collagen, elastic fi bers, and larger blood vessels.

Answer 21

Reticular layer

Question 22

contain nerve endings and a network of blood and lymphatic capillaries.

Answer 22

Dermal papillae

Question 23

The dermal papillae is found in

Answer 23

Th e epidermal–dermal junction

Question 24

detect fi ne touch, heat, cold, and pain

Answer 24

free nerve endings in the epidermis

Question 25

Merkel’s corpuscle (Merkel’s cell with a nerve ending) is a

Answer 25

sensitive mechano-receptor.

Question 26

Encapsulated nerve endings matching type

Answer 26

1. Pacinian corpuscles
2. Meissner’s corpuscles
3. Ruffini’s corpuscles

A. Detect pressure and vibrations
B. Detect light touch
C. Detect skin and torque

Question 27

Epidermal stem cells responsible for diff erentia-tion into hair-forming matrix cells.

Answer 27

Follicular bulge

Question 28

Hair is formed by

Answer 28

diff erentiation of matrix cells in the inferior segment to form the medulla, cortex (80% of hair mass), and cuticle of a hair shaft.

Question 29

surrounded by the internal and external root sheath.

Answer 29

hair shaft

Question 30

internal root sheath has three layers of cells:

Answer 30

Henle’s layer
Huxley’s layer, and
the internal root sheath cuticle

Question 31

continuous with the epidermis.

Answer 31

external root sheath

Question 32

produced by holocrine secretion and is discharged via pilosebaceous canal into the hair follicle.

Answer 32

Sebum

Question 33

secrete protein-rich sweat into the hair follicles, but they are restricted to specifi c regions of the body

Answer 33

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 34

Apocrine sweat glands are (anatomical classification)

Answer 34

coiled tubular glands with wide lumen

Question 35

Their secretory parts contain_______ , the contraction of which is responsible for expression of sweat.

Answer 35

myoepithelial cells

Question 36

produce sweat that is similar in composition to an ultrafi ltrate of blood in kidney.

Answer 36

Eccrine sweat glands

Question 37

Eccrine sweat glands are related to hair follicles

T/F

Answer 37

False, not related

Question 38

Eccrine sweat glands play a major role in

Answer 38

temperature regulation

through the cooling that results from the evaporation of water from sweat on the body surface.

Question 39

plates of keratinized cells resting on nail bedscontaining hard keratin

Answer 39

Nails

Question 40

As the nail plate grows, it moves under the nail bed with edges covered by skin folds.

T/F

Answer 40

Flase, over not under