Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Surg Test 3 > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Epidermis?

A

First layer of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is alopecia?

A
  • Loss of hair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the dermis?

A
  • Second layer of skin

* is the connective tissue layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the erythema?

A
  • Redness occurring in patches of variable size and shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Hirsutism?

A
  • Male distribution of hair on women.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Intertriginous?

A
  • Where skin surfaces overlap and rub on each other (below breast, axillae, and groin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a keloid?

A
  • An overgrowth of collagenous skin (scar tissue after an injury)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A
  • Are synthesized from epidermal cells in the basel layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are melanocytes

A
  • Contain melanin (gives skin and hair its color, the more there is the darker)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Moles (nevus)?

A
  • Benign overgrowth of melanocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is pruritis

A
  • Itching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A
  • They secrete sebrum, (sebrum prevents the hair and siin from dryng out)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Vitiligo?

A
  • Total loss of pigment in the affected area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Pseudofolliculitis?

A
  • Inflamed ingrown hair after shaving to close in the beard area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Tugor?

A
  • how tight the skin is
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an anginoma?

A
  • Benign tumor of blood or lymph vessel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the Skin?

A
  • Primary is to protect the underlying tissues from anything including bacteria and foreign objects
  • prevent excess water loss
    insulates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the effects of aging on the skin

A

Increased wrinkling sagging of skin, dry and flaky skin with possible itching, hardly sweat skin color uneven, easily bruising, decreased and Rosie appearance diminished awareness of pain touch temperature and peripheral vibrations, decreased wound healing, increase in neoplasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the effects of aging on the skin?

A

Increased wrinkling sagging of skin, dry and flaky skin with possible itching, hardly sweat skin color uneven, easily bruising, decreased and Rosie appearance diminished awareness of pain touch temperature and peripheral vibrations, decreased wound healing, increase in neoplasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the changes in the elderly with hair?

A
  • grey or white hair
  • dry, coarse hair, and scaly scalp
  • thinning and loss of hair
  • facial hirsutism, baldness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the changes in the elderly with nails?

A
  • thick, brittle nails with slow growth

* longitudinal ridging, prolonged return of blood to nails on blanching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are Health Promotions to teach your client about?

A
  • Environmental
  • Rest and sleep
  • Exercise
  • Hygiene
  • Nutrition
  • Self-Treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are Environmental teaching of the sun for your client?

A
  • Sun exposure: UV rays can cause degenerative changes
  • Safe skin practices: sun avoidance, protective clothing, sun screen (at least spf 15)
  • Teach the Pt to wear a large-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and a long-sleeved shirt of lightly woven fabric or carry an umbrella
  • Tanning is the skins response to injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are Environmental teaching of Certain topical drugs for your client?

A
  • This list of drugs ay cause photosensitivity (exaggerated sunburn)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are Environmental teaching of irritants and allergens for your client?

A
  • counsel Pt to avoid the certain known irritant
  • test that can be done are patch testing, which could help determine the allergen
  • prescribed and OTC topical and systemic medications used to treat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are Environmental teaching of radiation for your client?

A

X-rays can cause serious effect on the skin: erythema, dry and moist desquamation, edema, and hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What effect can rest and sleep have on the skin?

A
  • restorative

* adequate rest can increase tolerance to itching (pruitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How does exercise effect the skin?

A
  • helps with circulation and dilates the blood vessels
29
Q

How does hygiene effect the skin?

A
  • using alkaline soap can cause the skin to neutralize and allow bacteria to grow
  • use mild, moisturizing soaps and lipid free
30
Q

How does nutrition effect the skin?

A
  • Can produce healthy skin, hair and nails
31
Q

How does Vitamin A effect the skin?

A
  • maintenance of normal cell structure (epithelial cell), essential for normal wound healing
  • problems with absence: dryness of the conjunctiva, and poor wound healing
32
Q

How does Vitamin B complex effect the skin?

A
  • metabolic function

* deficiencies: erythema, bullae, and seborrhea-like lesions

33
Q

How does Vitamin C effect the skin?

A
  • connective tissue formation and normal wound healing

* absence: symptoms of scurvy (petechiae, bleeding gums, and purpura)

34
Q

How does Vitamin D effect the skin?

A
  • essential for bone health, produced naturally by cutaneous photosynthesis
  • deficiency: bone and muscle weakness and pain
35
Q

How does Vitamin K effect the skin?

A
  • synthesizing blood clotting

* deficiencies: interference with normal prothrombin time and can lead to bruising

36
Q

How does Protein effect the skin?

A
  • adequate for cell growth and maintenance

* necessary for normal wound healing

37
Q

How does Unsaturated fatty acids effect the skin?

A
  • used to maintain the function and integrity of cellular and subcellular membranes in tissue metabolism
38
Q

What are some foods that are high in biotin?

A
  • liver, cauliflower, salmon, carrots, bananas, soy flour, cereals, and yeast
39
Q

What is the most commonly Dx cancer?

A
  • skin cancer
40
Q

What are the 2 types of skin cancers?

A
  • nonmelanoma

* melanoma

41
Q

What happens with a lesion that you would be suspicious of?

A
  • does not heal
  • it’s persistent
  • you might suspect the lesion to be malignant
42
Q

What is the best thing to do for a good prognosis?

A
  • early detection
43
Q

What to teach a Pt for self awareness?

A
  • self-examinations
  • do this every month
  • ABCDE’s
44
Q

What are the ABCDE’s?

A
  • used for examination of lesions
  • A: asymmetry
  • B: border irregularity’s
  • C: color change and variation
  • D: Diameter (6mm or more)
  • E: Evolving in appearance
45
Q

What are some risk factors for skin malignancy?

A
  • fair skin type
  • hx of chronic sun exposure
  • family hx of skin cancer
  • exposure to tar and systematic arsenicals
46
Q

What are some environmental risk factors of skin cancer?

A
  • living near the equator
  • outdoor occupations
  • frequent outdoor recreations
47
Q

What are some behavioral factors that can cause skin cancer?

A
  • Tanning beds, and sun bathing
48
Q

What are some medications that Pt are treated with that could cause a greater risk for skin cancer (melanoma)?

A
  • oral methoxsalen (psoralen)
49
Q

Who are not as susceptible to skin cancer?

A
  • persons with darker skin types
50
Q

Where can a person with a darker skin color develop skin cancer?

A
  • palms, soles, and mucous membranes
51
Q

What is the Fitzpatrick classification?

A
  • classification if the 6 different skin types
  • Type 1: (very white or freckled): always burn
  • Type 2: (white): Usually burn
  • Type 3: (white or olive): sometimes burn
  • Type 4: (brown): rarely burn
  • Type 5: (dark brown): very rarely burn
  • Type 6: (black): never burn
52
Q

What are nonmelanoma skin cancers?

A
  • are either basal or squamous cell carcinoma
  • most common forms
  • develop in the epidermis
  • don’t develop from melanocytes
  • most common sites are areas such as the face, head neck, back of the hands, and arms
  • few deaths but could potentially cause inherent potential for severe local destruction, permanent disfigurement and disablility
53
Q

What are some preventions of nonmelanoma skin cancers?

A
  • avoidance of exposure to midday sun

* use of protective clothing and sunscreens beginning in early childhood

54
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A
  • a tumor arising from melanocytes
  • melanoma causes the most skin cancer deaths
  • has the ability to metastasize to any organ
  • UV rays #1 cause
55
Q

What is the greatest risk factor for malignant melanoma?

A
  • People who have red or blonde hair and blue or light color eyes
  • have light colored skin that freckles easy
56
Q

What should not happen to the melanoma when getting evaluated?

A
  • should not be a shaved biopsy, shaved excised, or electro cauterized
57
Q

What is used for screening?

A
  • MelaFind, a handheld screening device used to help determine with out the ABCDE’s should be biopsied
58
Q

what are the most important prognosis factor?

A
  • the thickness at the time of diagnosis
59
Q

What are the methods to determine thickness of a melanoma?

A
  • Breslow measurement: depth of tumor

- Clark Level: indicates depth (higher the # the deeper)

60
Q

What determines the treatment of a melanoma tumor?

A
  • site of the original tumor
  • stage of the cancer
  • Pt’s age and general health
61
Q

What is the staging of the tumor and what is it based on?

A
  • 0-IV (based on tumor size, nodal involvement, and metastasis
  • 0: is confined to one place (in situ)
  • stage IV: metastasis to other organs is found, Tx then is pallative
62
Q

What is the initial Tx for Melanoma?

A
  • surgical excision

* melanoma that has spread to lymph nodes or to nearby areas may require adjunctive therapy such as chemo or radiation

63
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma (BCC)?

A
  • a locally invasive malignancy arising from the epidermal basal cells
  • most common type
  • the least deadly
  • never spread beyond the skin
64
Q

What happens to BCC if left untreated?

A
  • massive tissue destruction may result

* some are pigmented with curled borders and an opaque appearance ( may be misinterpreted as melanoma)

65
Q

What determines Tx of BCC?

A
  • location (determine the best way to treat)
  • histologic type
  • Hx of reoccurrence
  • pt characteristics
66
Q

wat are the Tx for BCC?

A
  • surgical excursion
  • electrodessication
  • curettage
  • cryosurgery
  • radiation Tx
  • topical or systemic chemo
  • photodynamic therapy
67
Q

What is Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?

A
  • malignant neoplasm of keratinizing epidermal cells
  • freq. occurs on sunexposed skin
  • less common than BCC
  • May lead to death if untreated
  • can be highly aggressive
68
Q

What are contribution of SCC of the mouth and lips?

A
  • pipe, cigars and cigarette smoking
69
Q

what should always be performed with SCC?

A
  • a Biopsy when a lesion is suspected to be SCC

Med Surg Test 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions