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Human Structure And Function I > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

0
Q

Surface area of skin in adults

A

2 sq m

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1
Q

Average thickness of the skin

A

2 mm

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2
Q

Stress response character

A

Forms calluses for extra protection

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3
Q

Outer layer

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

Inner layer

A

Dermis

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5
Q

Epidermis

A

Epithelial and a vascular receiving nutrients from diffusion from dermis

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6
Q

Dermis

A

Connective and vascularized

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7
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous layer that is deep to dermis and contains adipose fat and large vessels the supply skin

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8
Q

Epidermis is composed of

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and 4 cell types

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9
Q

4 cell types

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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10
Q

Keratinocytes

A

90%
Arranged in 4 to 5 layers
Keratin is lamellar granules

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11
Q

Melanocytes

A

8% or so
Ectodermal in origin and produce melanin
Very susceptible to uv light
Melanin provides some protection

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12
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Arise from red marrow and migrate to epidermis
Few in number
Important in immune response
Susceptible to uv light

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13
Q

Merkel cells

A

Lie in deepest layers
Associate with sensory neurons in touch sensations
Merkels disk

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14
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Only present in thick skin

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15
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Horny, tough, flat, dead Keratinized cells

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16
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Dying cells like “pepper flakes” or granules in them

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17
Q

Stratton spinosum

A

Cells have spiny processes

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18
Q

Stratum basale

A

Cells are actively growing

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19
Q

Stratum basale layer

A

Deepest layer

Stem cells are constantly dividing

20
Q

Stratum spinosum layer

A

Cells undergo change of shape and content
Tonofilaments join cells in desmosome
Some cells can divide

21
Q

What gives skin it’s tensile strength?

A

Desmosomes/tonifilaments

22
Q

Stratum granulosum layer

A

3 to 5 layers of keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis
Nuclei degenerate
Lamellar granules release lipid rich secretion filling spaces between cells
Water resistance

23
Q

Stratum lucidum layer

A 
ONLY in thick skin
3 to 5 layers of dead, flat keratinocytes
Large amounts of keratin 
Translucent skin 
Palms and soles of feet
24
Q

Stratum corneum layer

A

Outermost layer
25 to 30 layers of dead, flat keratinocytes
Continuously shed and replaced
Rapidly repaired

25
Q

Dermis is composed of

A

Connective tissue

Collagen and elastic fibers

26
Q

Papillary region

A

Upper 1/5 of thickness in dermis
Folds=dermal papillae
Blood flows from lower portion of dermis to capillary beds in dermal papillae

27
Q

Reticular region

A

Deeper portion of dermis
Attached to subcutaneous layer
Consists of dense irregular ct

28
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue skin due to lack of oxygen rich blood

Seen most easily on lips, capillary beds and tongue

29
Q

Jaundice

A

Skin of yellow color

Liver failure

30
Q

Erythema

A

Red skin

31
Q

Pallor

A

White skin due to vasoconstriction

32
Q

2 parts of hair

A

Shaft and root
Shaft - visible
Root - projects into the dermis

33
Q

Baldness

A

Natural loss of hair usually from the head

34
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessively hairy

35
Q

Alopecia

A

Abnormal loss of hair

36
Q

Totalis

A

No hair

37
Q

Areata

A

Spotty loss of hair

38
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oily surface secretion
Hair follicles
Coat shaft Of hair with oil
Harbors bacterial growth

39
Q

Sudiferous glands

A

Sweat

Sudomotor response

40
Q

Eccrine sweating

A

Widely distributed
Thermal response
Main products are water and ions, urea, glucose and lactate

41
Q

Sensible perspiration

A

Doesn’t evaporate quickly

Drenched after running

42
Q

Insensible perspiration

A

Humans are always sweating but it is slow and evaporates off the skin

43
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sudden and unexplained sweating

Body’s signal that something is wrong

44
Q

Apocrine sweating

A

Proteins and lipids give a more viscous character
Bacteria produce odor
Function begins at puberty due to emotional stress and sexual excitement
Axillae, groin, palms, soles

45
Q

External and internal root sheaths

A

Germinal layers produce growth of hair

46
Q

Cyclic growth of hair

A

Limits the length of some hairs

47
Q

Epinychium

A

Cuticle

Human Structure And Function I (3 decks)

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