Integumentary

Question 0

Surface area of skin in adults

Answer 0

2 sq m

Question 1

Average thickness of the skin

Answer 1

2 mm

Question 2

Stress response character

Answer 2

Forms calluses for extra protection

Question 3

Outer layer

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

Inner layer

Answer 4

Dermis

Question 5

Epidermis

Answer 5

Epithelial and a vascular receiving nutrients from diffusion from dermis

Question 6

Dermis

Answer 6

Connective and vascularized

Question 7

Hypodermis

Answer 7

Subcutaneous layer that is deep to dermis and contains adipose fat and large vessels the supply skin

Question 8

Epidermis is composed of

Answer 8

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and 4 cell types

Question 9

4 cell types

Answer 9

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

Question 10

Keratinocytes

Answer 10

90%
Arranged in 4 to 5 layers
Keratin is lamellar granules

Question 11

Melanocytes

Answer 11

8% or so
Ectodermal in origin and produce melanin
Very susceptible to uv light
Melanin provides some protection

Question 12

Langerhans cells

Answer 12

Arise from red marrow and migrate to epidermis
Few in number
Important in immune response
Susceptible to uv light

Question 13

Merkel cells

Answer 13

Lie in deepest layers
Associate with sensory neurons in touch sensations
Merkels disk

Question 14

Stratum lucidum

Answer 14

Only present in thick skin

Question 15

Stratum corneum

Answer 15

Horny, tough, flat, dead Keratinized cells

Question 16

Stratum granulosum

Answer 16

Dying cells like “pepper flakes” or granules in them

Question 17

Stratton spinosum

Answer 17

Cells have spiny processes

Question 18

Stratum basale

Answer 18

Cells are actively growing

Question 19

Stratum basale layer

Answer 19

Deepest layer

Stem cells are constantly dividing

Question 20

Stratum spinosum layer

Answer 20

Cells undergo change of shape and content
Tonofilaments join cells in desmosome
Some cells can divide

Question 21

What gives skin it’s tensile strength?

Answer 21

Desmosomes/tonifilaments

Question 22

Stratum granulosum layer

Answer 22

3 to 5 layers of keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis
Nuclei degenerate
Lamellar granules release lipid rich secretion filling spaces between cells
Water resistance

Question 23

Stratum lucidum layer

Answer 23

ONLY in thick skin
3 to 5 layers of dead, flat keratinocytes
Large amounts of keratin 
Translucent skin 
Palms and soles of feet

Question 24

Stratum corneum layer

Answer 24

Outermost layer 25 to 30 layers of dead, flat keratinocytes Continuously shed and replaced Rapidly repaired

Question 25

Dermis is composed of

Answer 25

Connective tissue | Collagen and elastic fibers

Question 26

Papillary region

Answer 26

Upper 1/5 of thickness in dermis Folds=dermal papillae Blood flows from lower portion of dermis to capillary beds in dermal papillae

Question 27

Reticular region

Answer 27

Deeper portion of dermis Attached to subcutaneous layer Consists of dense irregular ct

Question 28

Cyanosis

Answer 28

Blue skin due to lack of oxygen rich blood | Seen most easily on lips, capillary beds and tongue

Question 29

Jaundice

Answer 29

Skin of yellow color | Liver failure

Question 30

Erythema

Answer 30

Red skin

Question 31

Pallor

Answer 31

White skin due to vasoconstriction

Question 32

2 parts of hair

Answer 32

Shaft and root Shaft - visible Root - projects into the dermis

Question 33

Baldness

Answer 33

Natural loss of hair usually from the head

Question 34

Hirsutism

Answer 34

Excessively hairy

Question 35

Alopecia

Answer 35

Abnormal loss of hair

Question 36

Totalis

Answer 36

No hair

Question 37

Areata

Answer 37

Spotty loss of hair

Question 38

Sebaceous glands

Answer 38

Oily surface secretion Hair follicles Coat shaft Of hair with oil Harbors bacterial growth

Question 39

Sudiferous glands

Answer 39

Sweat | Sudomotor response

Question 40

Eccrine sweating

Answer 40

Widely distributed Thermal response Main products are water and ions, urea, glucose and lactate

Question 41

Sensible perspiration

Answer 41

Doesn't evaporate quickly | Drenched after running

Question 42

Insensible perspiration

Answer 42

Humans are always sweating but it is slow and evaporates off the skin

Question 43

Diaphoresis

Answer 43

Sudden and unexplained sweating | Body's signal that something is wrong

Question 44

Apocrine sweating

Answer 44

Proteins and lipids give a more viscous character Bacteria produce odor Function begins at puberty due to emotional stress and sexual excitement Axillae, groin, palms, soles

Question 45

External and internal root sheaths

Answer 45

Germinal layers produce growth of hair

Question 46

Cyclic growth of hair

Answer 46

Limits the length of some hairs

Question 47

Epinychium

Answer 47

Cuticle