Integumentary 2 Flashcards
What are the two dermis layers and what are they made of?
Papillary layer (loose CT) Reticular layer (dense irregular CT)
What is the function of the dermis?
To provide strength (collagen fibres), support and flexibility (elastic fibres) to the epidermis
What structures are in the dermis layer?
Sebaceous glands, sweat glands
Hair + follicles, nerve fibres and sensory receptors, blood vessels
Describe the hypodermis layer
it is not part of the skin, but part of the integumentary system. Is it composed of dense irregular CT and adipose tissue
What are the 4 sensory innervations?
Free nerve endings,
Merkle Cells
Meissner’s Corpsucle
Pacinian corpsucle
Describe free nerve endings
Free nerve endings are located in the epidermis and dermis. It is responsible for pain and temperature
Describe Merkle cells
Merkle cells are located in the stratum basale. They are responsible for soft touch
Describe meissner’s corpuscles
They are located in the papillary dermis. Responsible for touch
Describe pacinian corpuscle’s
Located in the reticular dermis. Responsible for vibration and pressure
What are the 4 appendages for skin?
- Hair + follicle
- Sebaceous gland
- Nails
- Sweat glands (apocrine and eecrine)
What makes up the pilosebaceous apparatus?
Hair (and follicle) and sebaceous glands
What is the hair shaft made of?
- Cuticle
- Cortex
- Medulla
What else does hair contain?
Hair bulb, arrector pili muscle, sebaceous gland. Melanocytes
Describe the ‘hardness’ of keratin
The level of sulfur determines the hardness of keratin. Nails have high lives of sulfur and are hard in comparison to hair (soft).
What are the 3 skin glands?
- Sebaceous gland
- Eecrine Sweat gland
- Apocrine sweat gland
Describe the sebaceous gland
Sebaceous glands secrete sebrum (viscous) and may make the area infected (acne). They open up the skin via a hair follicle. They are holocrine glands. It is controlled by ANS and sex hormones. It also keeps the skin soft
Describe eccrine sweat glands
Open to the skin via a duct. Merocrine secretion. Controlled by the ANS. The secretory portion contain dark (proteinaceous), clear (watery) and myoepithelial (contractile) cells. While the duct portion is stratified cuboidal epithelium. THERMOREGULATORY and EMOTIONAL SWEAT
Describe apocrine sweat glands
Apocrine sweat glands relate to thin skin. They open to the skin via a hair follicle and are controlled by the ANS and sex hormones. only EMOTIONAL sweat (body odour)
What are the primary functions of the integumentary system?
Blood reservoir, vitamin D synthesis, absorption and excretion, protection, sensory innervations, body temp regulation
Gives examples of protection from external environment
Acidic pH, cell junctions, glycolipids (lamellar bodies), sebrum, melanin, langerhans cells (immune system)
Give examples of sensory innervations
free nerve endings, merkle cells, meissner’s corpuscles and pacinian corpuscles
Give examples of body temperature regulation
sweating, hair and ‘goose bumps’
Give examples of blood reservoir
blood can be taken from skin to other places
Give examples of secretion and absorption
Drugs and soluble vitamins (D, E, A and K) can be absorbed and amounts of water, CO2 is secreted through sweat
