Integumentary

Question 1

what is the cutaneous membrane made of

Answer 1

keretinizing simple squamous and dense fibrous connective

Question 2

What is the mucous membrane composed of

Answer 2

various epithelium, and loose connective

Question 3

where are the main mucous membranes

Answer 3

1. digestive
2. respiratory
3. urinary
4. reproductive

Question 4

mucousae can be adapted for

Answer 4

absorption

Question 5

what is the serous membrane composed of

Answer 5

simple squamous and areolar

Question 6

what do serous membranes do

Answer 6

line body cavities

Question 7

what are the two layers of serous membranes

Answer 7

parietal - outside

Visceral - inside

Question 8

what is in between the serous membranes

Answer 8

serous fluid

Question 9

what membrane surrounds heart

Answer 9

pericardial

Question 10

what membrane surrounds lungs

Answer 10

plurum

Question 11

what membrane surrounds abdominal cavity

Answer 11

peritoneum

Question 12

what is pluericy

Answer 12

painful condition, caused by swelling of plurum and friction between membranes.

Question 13

what are synovial membranes

Answer 13

connective tissue membranes that cushion things

Question 14

What are some functions of synovial membranes

Answer 14

surround joints
lessen friction
secrete lube
pad stuff

Question 15

what does integument mean

Answer 15

covering

Question 16

Ho mwany functions are there of the skin are there

Answer 16

11 and 5

Question 17

what are the layers of the whole skin

Answer 17

dermis and epidermis

Question 18

what does keritinizing to to cells

Answer 18

toughens, waterproofs and makes them durable

Question 19

What is the dermis made up of

Answer 19

dense connective tissue, thicker than epidermis

Question 20

what is bellow the dermis

Answer 20

subcutaneous or hypodermis

Question 21

what are the functions of the subcutaneous tissue

Answer 21

anchor
absorb shock
insulation
gives body curves

Question 22

what are the layers in order from booton to top of the epidermis

Answer 22

stratum basale/germinativum
spinosum
granulosom
lucidum
corneum

Question 23

What layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin

Answer 23

stratum lucidum

Question 24

Functions of stratum basale

Answer 24

• vascular so where mitosis occurs
• millions a day
• contain melanocytes which make melanin
• merkel cells sensitive to touch

Question 25

functions of stratum spinosum

Answer 25

- mitosis occurs less | - cells start to produce keratin

Question 26

Functions of granulosum

Answer 26

where cells flatten and start to die | 3-5 thick

Question 27

Function of stratum lucidum

Answer 27

- cells are all flat - all cells are dead - only in extra thick skin, palms and soles

Question 28

function of stratum corneum

Answer 28

- main protective layer - 20 to 30 thick - rubs off an flakes - main waterproof part

Question 29

what are dead cells called

Answer 29

cornified, or horny cells/ cornu - horny

Question 30

about how many days will you have a totaly new epidermis

Answer 30

25 - 45 days

Question 31

what color is malanin

Answer 31

yellow, black, brown

Question 32

where does melanin come from

Answer 32

melanocytes, in stratum basale

Question 33

what does melanin do

Answer 33

protects DNA from uv radiation

Question 34

what are feckles and moles

Answer 34

melanin

Question 35

what is the dermis

Answer 35

the hide of body, holds the body together and it varies in thickness cushions water and electrolyte sink

Question 36

what is the demis made of

Answer 36

dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 37

what are the regions of the dermis

Answer 37

papillary - upper | reticular - thick lower layer

Question 38

what makes fingerprints

Answer 38

dermal ridges in papillary layer, dermal papillae

Question 39

what do the dermal papillae do

Answer 39

have capillary loops pain receptors form fingerprints touch receptors

Question 40

what is in the reticular layer

Answer 40

``` blood vessels sweat glands oil glands presure receptors phagocytes - antobacteria ```

Question 41

what type of fibers are in the dermis and what are there functions

Answer 41

collagen - bind and make dermis tough | elastic - give skin its stretch

Question 42

how do dermis blood vessels affect thermoregulation

Answer 42

constrict or increase blood flow

Question 43

what are decubitus ulcers

Answer 43

bed sores, cell death from lack of blood supply

Question 44

where is the skins strength

Answer 44

in the dermis

Question 45

what contributes to skin color

Answer 45

melanin and its location carotene in corneum and subcu tissue hemoglobin saturation

Question 46

what is cyanosis

Answer 46

when hgb is unsaturated and there is a lock of O2, body turns blue

Question 47

What can influence skin color

Answer 47

emotions- angry turn red or frver - turn pall whit low bp jaundice - yellow from extra bile in skin bruising - hemotomas - blood under skin

Question 48

What are the skin apendages

Answer 48

glands nails hair/follicles

Question 49

What are the cutaneous glands

Answer 49

sebaceous - oil | sudotiferous - sweat

Question 50

where are sebaceous glands found

Answer 50

everywhere but palms and soles

Question 51

what is sebum

Answer 51

oil from sebaceous glands, made of oily substances and fraged cells

Question 52

What does the sebum do for your skin

Answer 52

waterproof antibacterial lube skin prevent hair from becoming brittle

Question 53

what is acne

Answer 53

overactive sebaceous glands - pimples are papules - blocked glands make whiteheads - when material oxidizes it become blackhead

Question 54

what is seborrhea

Answer 54

cradle cap, overactive sebaceous

Question 55

what are the catagories of sweat glands

Answer 55

all - sudoriferous eccrine - most of them appocrine - rest of glands

Question 56

what is sweat

Answer 56

``` water salt vit c nitrogenous waste lactic acid ```

Question 57

What is the hydrogen potential of sweat

Answer 57

4-6

Question 58

what do the eccrine glands do

Answer 58

regulate body temp, they are all connected to nerves that tell them to secrete

Question 59

Where are apocrine glands found

Answer 59

genital and axillary areas, empty onto hair follicle

Question 60

appocrine secretions contain

Answer 60

fatty acids proteins everything from eccrine

Question 61

what are apocrine glands for

Answer 61

function is unknown

Question 62

what is the distribution of hair follicles on the body

Answer 62

2 on head | 98 on rest

Question 63

what are the functions of hair

Answer 63

``` guard head shield eyes, eyelashes filter insulation protection, early warning nerves ```

Question 64

what gives hair color

Answer 64

melanocytes in follicle/root create different types of melanin that create different colors

Question 65

What cause hair to turn white

Answer 65

lack of melanin and air-bubbles

Question 66

where isnt hair

Answer 66

``` palms soles nipples lips some external genetalia ```

Question 67

what is lanugo

Answer 67

the newborn hair that they lose

Question 68

can you grow more hair folicles

Answer 68

no, you are born with them all

Question 69

what do arrector pili do

Answer 69

take the slanted hair and stand it up

Question 70

how much does hair grow a day

Answer 70

330 micron

Question 71

what are the parts of the nail

Answer 71

free edge, body, root and others

Question 72

what are the borders of the nail with dkin

Answer 72

nail folds

Question 73

what is the most proximal nail fold

Answer 73

cucticle

Question 74

what is the nail made up of

Answer 74

hard, keratinized, matrix and protein

Question 75

why do nails apeare pink

Answer 75

bellow they are vascular

Question 76

what synthesizes vit d

Answer 76

uv radiation

Question 77

what does vit d do

Answer 77

liver and kidneys turn it into calcitril which regulates Ca and K, which bones need to be healthy

Question 78

what is dermatosis

Answer 78

skin condition

Question 79

what is dermatitus

Answer 79

skin inflamation