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Anatomy > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cutaneous membrane made of

A

keretinizing simple squamous and dense fibrous connective

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2
Q

What is the mucous membrane composed of

A

various epithelium, and loose connective

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3
Q

where are the main mucous membranes

A
  1. digestive
  2. respiratory
  3. urinary
  4. reproductive
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4
Q

mucousae can be adapted for

A

absorption

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5
Q

what is the serous membrane composed of

A

simple squamous and areolar

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6
Q

what do serous membranes do

A

line body cavities

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7
Q

what are the two layers of serous membranes

A

parietal - outside

Visceral - inside

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8
Q

what is in between the serous membranes

A

serous fluid

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9
Q

what membrane surrounds heart

A

pericardial

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10
Q

what membrane surrounds lungs

A

plurum

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11
Q

what membrane surrounds abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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12
Q

what is pluericy

A

painful condition, caused by swelling of plurum and friction between membranes.

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13
Q

what are synovial membranes

A

connective tissue membranes that cushion things

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14
Q

What are some functions of synovial membranes

A

surround joints
lessen friction
secrete lube
pad stuff

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15
Q

what does integument mean

A

covering

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16
Q

Ho mwany functions are there of the skin are there

A

11 and 5

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17
Q

what are the layers of the whole skin

A

dermis and epidermis

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18
Q

what does keritinizing to to cells

A

toughens, waterproofs and makes them durable

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19
Q

What is the dermis made up of

A

dense connective tissue, thicker than epidermis

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20
Q

what is bellow the dermis

A

subcutaneous or hypodermis

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21
Q

what are the functions of the subcutaneous tissue

A

anchor
absorb shock
insulation
gives body curves

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22
Q

what are the layers in order from booton to top of the epidermis

A 
stratum basale/germinativum
spinosum
granulosom
lucidum
corneum
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23
Q

What layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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24
Q

Functions of stratum basale

A
  • vascular so where mitosis occurs
  • millions a day
  • contain melanocytes which make melanin
  • merkel cells sensitive to touch
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25
Q

functions of stratum spinosum

A
  • mitosis occurs less

- cells start to produce keratin

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26
Q

Functions of granulosum

A

where cells flatten and start to die

3-5 thick

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27
Q

Function of stratum lucidum

A
  • cells are all flat
  • all cells are dead
  • only in extra thick skin, palms and soles
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28
Q

function of stratum corneum

A
  • main protective layer
  • 20 to 30 thick
  • rubs off an flakes
  • main waterproof part
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29
Q

what are dead cells called

A

cornified, or horny cells/ cornu - horny

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30
Q

about how many days will you have a totaly new epidermis

A

25 - 45 days

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31
Q

what color is malanin

A

yellow, black, brown

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32
Q

where does melanin come from

A

melanocytes, in stratum basale

33
Q

what does melanin do

A

protects DNA from uv radiation

34
Q

what are feckles and moles

A

melanin

35
Q

what is the dermis

A

the hide of body, holds the body together and it varies in thickness
cushions
water and electrolyte sink

36
Q

what is the demis made of

A

dense fibrous connective tissue

37
Q

what are the regions of the dermis

A

papillary - upper

reticular - thick lower layer

38
Q

what makes fingerprints

A

dermal ridges in papillary layer, dermal papillae

39
Q

what do the dermal papillae do

A

have capillary loops
pain receptors
form fingerprints
touch receptors

40
Q

what is in the reticular layer

A 
blood vessels
sweat glands
oil glands
presure receptors
phagocytes - antobacteria
41
Q

what type of fibers are in the dermis and what are there functions

A

collagen - bind and make dermis tough

elastic - give skin its stretch

42
Q

how do dermis blood vessels affect thermoregulation

A

constrict or increase blood flow

43
Q

what are decubitus ulcers

A

bed sores, cell death from lack of blood supply

44
Q

where is the skins strength

A

in the dermis

45
Q

what contributes to skin color

A

melanin and its location
carotene in corneum and subcu tissue
hemoglobin saturation

46
Q

what is cyanosis

A

when hgb is unsaturated and there is a lock of O2, body turns blue

47
Q

What can influence skin color

A

emotions- angry turn red or frver
- turn pall whit low bp
jaundice - yellow from extra bile in skin
bruising - hemotomas - blood under skin

48
Q

What are the skin apendages

A

glands
nails
hair/follicles

49
Q

What are the cutaneous glands

A

sebaceous - oil

sudotiferous - sweat

50
Q

where are sebaceous glands found

A

everywhere but palms and soles

51
Q

what is sebum

A

oil from sebaceous glands, made of oily substances and fraged cells

52
Q

What does the sebum do for your skin

A

waterproof
antibacterial
lube skin
prevent hair from becoming brittle

53
Q

what is acne

A

overactive sebaceous glands

  • pimples are papules
  • blocked glands make whiteheads
  • when material oxidizes it become blackhead
54
Q

what is seborrhea

A

cradle cap, overactive sebaceous

55
Q

what are the catagories of sweat glands

A

all - sudoriferous
eccrine - most of them
appocrine - rest of glands

56
Q

what is sweat

A 
water
salt
vit c
nitrogenous waste
lactic acid
57
Q

What is the hydrogen potential of sweat

A

4-6

58
Q

what do the eccrine glands do

A

regulate body temp, they are all connected to nerves that tell them to secrete

59
Q

Where are apocrine glands found

A

genital and axillary areas, empty onto hair follicle

60
Q

appocrine secretions contain

A

fatty acids
proteins
everything from eccrine

61
Q

what are apocrine glands for

A

function is unknown

62
Q

what is the distribution of hair follicles on the body

A

2 on head

98 on rest

63
Q

what are the functions of hair

A 
guard head
shield eyes, eyelashes
filter
insulation
protection, early warning nerves
64
Q

what gives hair color

A

melanocytes in follicle/root create different types of melanin that create different colors

65
Q

What cause hair to turn white

A

lack of melanin and air-bubbles

66
Q

where isnt hair

A 
palms
soles
nipples
lips
some external genetalia
67
Q

what is lanugo

A

the newborn hair that they lose

68
Q

can you grow more hair folicles

A

no, you are born with them all

69
Q

what do arrector pili do

A

take the slanted hair and stand it up

70
Q

how much does hair grow a day

A

330 micron

71
Q

what are the parts of the nail

A

free edge, body, root and others

72
Q

what are the borders of the nail with dkin

A

nail folds

73
Q

what is the most proximal nail fold

A

cucticle

74
Q

what is the nail made up of

A

hard, keratinized, matrix and protein

75
Q

why do nails apeare pink

A

bellow they are vascular

76
Q

what synthesizes vit d

A

uv radiation

77
Q

what does vit d do

A

liver and kidneys turn it into calcitril which regulates Ca and K, which bones need to be healthy

78
Q

what is dermatosis

A

skin condition

79
Q

what is dermatitus

A

skin inflamation

Anatomy (8 decks)

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