Integumentary Flashcards
Components of integumentary
Skin, hypodermis, accessory organs
Function of skin
Protection, thermoregulation, sensation, secretion, production of vitamin D
How does surface area effect thermoregulation
Higher surface area gets colder faster
Layers of the epidermis
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
What layer of the epidermis has melanocytes
Basale layer
What layer of the epidermis is not found in thin skin
Stratum lucidum
What is unique about stratum granulosum
Organelles are lost and interior fills with glycolipids for waterproofing
What is the thickest layer of the epidermis
Stratum corneum
Layers of the dermis
Papillary and reticular
T/F the dermis is the thickest and strongest layer
True
What does the papillary dermis comtain
Vessel loops, meisner corpuscles, collagen
What is the purpose of the papillary layer of the dermis
Attaches the epidermis
What is in the reticular layer of the dermis
Fibroblasts, collagen, sweat glands, smooth muscle
How do goosebumps form
Smooth muscle in the reticular surface of the dermis
Where are sweat and sebacious glands, and hair follicles
The reticular layer of the dermis
What is in the hypodermis
Fat, vessels, nerves, pacinian corpuscles
What are two types of specialized cells
Nasal planum, paw pads
T/F the nasal planum and paw pads have stratum lucidum layer
True. They are thick skin
What is the ergot on the horse
Near the fetlock, remnants of digits 2&4
What is the most weight baring paw pad
Metacarpal/metatarsal
What is the chestnut in the horse
Remnants of tarsal and carpal
What are the two types of sweat glands
Apocrine and eccrine
What are the accessory organs in the integument
Sweat glands, mammary glands. Sebacious glands
What is an appocrine gland
Secretes directly into the follicle
What is an eccrine gland
Secretes directly onto the surface of the skin
What are the three types of hair
Guard, wool, and vibrissae
What is a guard hair
Primary hair, the one you feel when petting an animal. One hair per follicle
What is a wool hair
Secondary hair, multiple hairs per follicle
Two types of hair growth
Compound and simple
What is compound hair growth, and which animals have it
Guard and wool hairs. Dogs and cats
What is simple hair growth and which animals have it
Guard hair only. Cows and horses
What are the cycles of hair growth
Anagen, catagen, telogen
What are the anatomical components to the claw
Ungual process, corium, unguis, sole
Where does the coronary bed come from in claws
Unguis
What are the anatomical components of the hoof
Wall, frog, sole
What is the purpose of corium in claws and hooves
Provides strength and durability
What are the three portions of the hoof wall
Toe, quarter, heel
How does blood flow out of the hoof
When a horse steps and compresses the walls and cartilage it pumps blood out and back into veins
Why is it important to wrap horses legs
To prevent edema when standing for too long
What are the two types of lamina and where do they attach
Insensitive (hoof wall) and sensitive (coffin)
How do horses support their weight on one digit
Insensitive and sensitive lamina interdigitate which increases surface area.
What are the three anatomical components of horns
Cornual process, corium, keratinized epithelial
Where do horns grow from
Frontal bone & sinuses in adults
How are horns different from antlers
Horns are keratinized epithelial that grow continuously. Antlers are bone that grow through endochondral ossification that eventually fall off
