Integumentary Flashcards
Fx of Integ Sys (6)
Protection,
Temp Reg,
Sensory Recep, Blood Reservoir,
Excrete/Absorption, Vit D
Epidermis c. type _____ epithelium of 4 types
Keratinized strat squamous epi,
Keratinocytes (90%)
Metalnocyte
Intraepidermal macrophage (Langerhans c.)
Tactile epithelial (Merkel c.)
Keratinocytes (3):
Keratin - tough fibrous protein
Lamellar granules (water-repellent sealant)
4-5 layer
Melanocytes
Melanin abs UV
Skin color
Intraepidermal/Langerhans c.
From bone marrow
recognize invaders
Merkel c.
Contact flattened processes of sensory neurons (touch sensations)
Deepest layer
Thin skin
Hairy, most regions, 4 layers
Thick skin (hairless)
Palms/Soles
Greater mechanical stress, 5 layers (+strata lucidum)
Layer of skin from superfiical to deep
Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum (Necrosis starts) Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale aka stratum germinativum
Stratum Basale (4)
Single row keratinocytes Contains: Stem c. melanocyte Merkels c.
Stratum Spinosum (3)
8-10 layers of keratinocytes
Intraepidermal macrophages
Melanocyte projection
Stratum Granulosum (2)
3-5 layer flattened, dying keratinocyte
w/ darkened granule (= lamellar granules = keratin precursor)
Stratum Corneum (2)
25-30 layer of thin dead keratinocyte
Extra layer = lucidum
Dermis contains (8) structures/cells
Two regions:
Fibroblast Macrophage Fat cell Blood vess Mm Nerve Glands Hair foll (Arrector pili Mm attach)
Papillary
Reticular - “net-like”
Papillary Region of Dermis
Small _____ structures that project into ____ (layer of skin) which contains (3)
Nipple-shape, undersurface of epidermis called the Dermal Papillae
D.P
Blood vessel
Corpsucles of touch (Meissner’s)
Free N. endings
Reticular Region of Dermis
Attached to ______ layer (skin), contains (5)
Collagen-elastic fibers bundle
Att. Subcut layer
Fibroblast
Adipose c.
Hair foll, N. glandes
Finger prints are _____
____ (direction) projection of the _____(skin layer) btw ____ (structure)
Epidermal ridge patterns
Downward pjt of Epidermis btw dermal papillae
Epiderm Ridge Patter function (3)
Incr:
Friction w/ surface + derm pap (grip)
# of tactile receptor
Contact w/ blood vessel
Skin color is mixture of 3 pigments & rel’d fx (pdn via___, stored in _____(layer)
Melanin - incr pdn via UV
Carotene, (yellow/orange) - stored in strat corneum
Hemoglobin
Hair - surrounding structure (4)
Shaft has _____(shape) cells
Deep to superificial structure (think onion) (6)
Sebaceous gland Apocrine sweat gland Papilla (transition stage detach) Hair root plexus Shinglelike cuticle c.
Papilla/vessel, Hair Matrix (Melanocyte) Medulla Cortex Cuticle Dermal root sheath
Hair Growth Cycle (3) & Descr
Anagen - Growth (85% scalp), yrs, hair length
Catagen (Regression/Transition) - days, hair follicle shrink, detaches from dermal papilla
Telogen & Exogen (Resting)
T - months, 10% hairs, old rests, new grows
E - Old sheds
Hirutism vs Hpyertricosis
-Androgen depedent in female biology
Hypertricosis - excess hair growth not limited to androgen dependent
Skin accessory glands (4) & function
Sebaceous (oil) - sebum, absent in palm/soles, some unrelated to follicle (lips/lids, ext. genitals)
Sudoriferous (sweat):
- Eccrine (temperature).
- Apocrine (after puberty, only in some areas/resp. to emotion/arousal)
Ceruminous (ear wax)
Mammary glands
Eccrine absent in ____, #s in _____. Excretes _____ (3)
Sweat order:
Locations in sequence
Cold sweat order:
Absent in {lips/nail, eardrum genitals}. #s in palm/sole, fore. NaCl, ammonia, LAcid (waste)
Forehead> Body > Palm/sole.
Emotional (Cold): Palm/sole, axillae, body
Apocrine found in ____ (4)
Color, contains chemical molecule
Axilla, groin area, Areolae of breast, bearded regions
Milk/yellow, lipid & protein
Ceruminus Gland function (@)
Stick barrier, waterproof canal
Nails anatomy (5)
Hyponychium
From proximal to distal:
Nail root - surrounded by matrix epithelium Epopnychium (cuticle), stratum corneum Lunula Nail body (plate) - below is nail bed. Free edge
Secure nail to fingertip
Fingernail Growth Facts (4)
Toenail growth (2)
6 mths to regrow entire nail
50% faster in children
Middle & index fastest, little slowest
Pregnant faster
1 yr to regrow completely
Big toenail grows fastest
Vit. D.: UV & enzymes activate molecule convert to _____, aids _____ in intestine
Freq.
Calcitriol (hormone) active form of Vit D.
Aids absorp of Ca. in intestine
15 min, 2x/wk
Skin aging starts at age____
Accelerated in_____ (demo)
Mechanisms (6)
Skin
Hair
Blood vessel
Subcut
40
Smokers
Langerhans c. effectiveness decr. Sebaceous/sweat glands shrink/slow pdn Melanocytes decr. (greying) Blood vessel harden/thicken subcut adipose lost (thin skin), poor heal
75% Men hair loss > 60
Epidermal Wound Healing
Occurs when:
___ surrounding wound ____ until _____
(Hormone) stimulates mitoses
Abrasion/minor burn
Basal c. migrate across until meet edges
Epidermal gwth fac (gF)
Deep Wound Heal
Occurs in ____
Phases (4)
Dermis & Subcut
Inflamm > Migra > Prolit > Maturation
Skin Cancer 3 maj type
: Basal c. carcinoma, Squamous carcinoma,
Malig melanoma
Skin Burn caused by (4):
Rule of 9s
Excess heat
Electricity
Radioactivity
Corrosive chem on skin protein
LE - 18%, UE - 9%, Trunk - 36%, Back 36%, Head &Neck: 9%
