Integument System-Basic Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Macule

A

Circumscribed, flat discoloration (blue, red, brown, or hypopigmented)
Examples: freckles, petechiae, measles, flat mole, vitiligo (complete depigmentation)

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2
Q

Papule

A

Elevated, solid lesion. Color varies.

Examples: warts, elevated moles, lipoma, basal cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Plaque

A

Circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion.

Examples: psoriasis

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4
Q

Pustule

A

Elevated, superficial lesion filled with PURULENT fluid

Examples: acne, impetigo

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5
Q

Vesicle

A

Circumscribed, superficial collection of SEROUS fluid.

Examples: varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), second-degree burn

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6
Q

Wheal

A

Firm, edematous, irregularly shaped area. Size varies. May last ONLY A FEW HOURS.
Examples: insect bites, urticaria, angioedema

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7
Q

Atrophy

A

General skin atrophy consists of a reduction in epidermal and dermal thickness, regression of the sebaceous glands, subcutaneous fat loss, and muscle-layer atrophy.

Examples: aged skin, striae (stretch marks)

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8
Q

Excoriation

A

Area in which EPIDERMIS is MISSING, exposing the dermis

Examples: abrasion, scratch

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9
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis. Dry or moist.
Examples: athlete’s foot, chapping, eczema

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10
Q

Scale

A

Excess, dead epidermal cells make by abnormal keratinization and shedding
Examples: flaking of skin after a drug reaction or sunburn

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11
Q

Scar

A

Abnormal formation of connective tissue that replaces normal skin
Examples: surgical incision, healed wound

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12
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of the epidermis AND dermis. Crater-like, irregular shape. Heals with scarring.
Examples: pressure ulcer

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13
Q

Skin color change: bluish (cyanosis)

A

Increased amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin (associated with hypoxia and is a late sign of decreased oxygen levels)
Assessment locations: nail beds, lips, base of tongue, skin

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14
Q

Skin color change: pallor (decrease in color)

A

Reduced amount of oxyhemoglobin (cause: anemia, shock), reduced visibility of oxyhemoglobin from decreased blood flow.
Assessment locations: face, conjunctiva, nail beds, palms of hands, skin, lips

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15
Q

Skin color change: loss of pigmentation (vitiligo)

A

Congenital autoimmune condition causing lack of pigment.

Assessment locations: patchy areas on face, hands, arms

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16
Q

Skin color change: yellow-orange (jaundice)

A

Increased deposit of bilirubin in tissues (cause: liver disease, RBC destruction)
Assessment locations: sclerae, mucous membranes, skin

17
Q

Skin color change: red (erythema)

A

Increased visibility of oxyhemoglobin caused by dilation or increased blood flow (cause: fever, direct trauma, blushing, alcohol)
Assessment locations: face, area of trauma, areas at risk for pressure such as sacrum, shoulders, elbows, heels

18
Q

Skin color change: tan-brown

A

Increased amount of melanin (cause: suntan, pregnancy)

Assessment locations: face, arms, nipples