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Integumentary Lecture Flashcards > Integument System > Flashcards

Integument System Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

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2
Q

The skin or integument is the body’s ____?

A

Largest organ

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3
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system?

A

Protect internal body structure

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4
Q

The two layer of the integument are ______ and _______.

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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5
Q

The epidermis is made of ____.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

The dermis is the deeper layer, and made primarily up of _____.

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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7
Q

The subcutaneous layer is:

A

Deep to dermis, with a layer of a replace connective tissue, also called hypodermis, not apart of integumentary system, involved in structure and function of skin

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8
Q

The epidermis is made of what?

A

Karatinized, stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What are the layers of strata in the epidermis? Which are live and which are dead?

A

Stratum corneum -dead
Stratum lucidum -dead
Stratum granulosum -live
Stratum spinosum -live
Stratum basal -live

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10
Q

Stratum Basale:

A

Deepest layer in epidermis,
One layer thick,
Attached to basement membrane,
Have 3 cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile or merkel cells

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11
Q

Define keratinocytes

A

Most abundant cell type in epidermis, can be found on all layers of epidermis, make keratin, keratin strengthen skin and waterproof it

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12
Q

Define melanocyte

A

Produce melanin, then the melanin gets packaged and internalized by keratinocytes in higher layers

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13
Q

Define Tactile cells/ merkel cells

A

Sensitive to touch,
Pressure causes them to release Chemicals which are then detected by free nerve endings

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14
Q

Stratum spinosum:

A

Several layers of polygonal keratinocytes,
Spiny layer,
Has epidermal dendritic or Langerhans cells (immune cells),
Keratinocytes make keratin, strengthening tissue

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15
Q

How do epidermal dendritic, langerhans cells fight infection?

A

By phagocytosing pathogens and starting an immune response

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16
Q

Stratum granulosum:

A

Three to five layers of keratinocytes,
Granular layer,
First layer of keratinization,

17
Q

What is keratinization?

A

The process where keratinocytes fill with keratin causing nucleus and organelles to disintegrate. The fully keratinized cell is dead but the structurally sound process is not complete until there are more superficial layers.

18
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Two to three layers of keratinocytes,
Translucent/ clear layer,
Found on thick skin- palms and soles,
Filled with translucent protein called eledin, intermediate product in keratin maturation, protects skin form UV light

19
Q

Stratum corneum:

A

20-30 layers of dead, interlocking keratinized cells,
Cells annucleate and tightly packed plasma membrane enclosing keratin protein,
Hornlike layer,
Unsuitable layer for growth of microorganisms,
Secretion of exocrine glands help with growth prevention,
Originate from stem cells in basale,
Migrate through starts to stratum corneum over two weeks undergoing structural changes, renewing in corneum another two weeks,
are shed

20
Q

What are the variations in the epidermis:

A

Different body regions,
Between individuals,
Thickness, color, and skin markings

21
Q

Characteristics of thick skin:

A

On palms, soles, fingers and toes
5 layers of epidermal strata
Sweat glands
No hair follicles or sebaceous glands
.4- .6 mm thick

22
Q

Characteristics of thin skin:

A

Covers most of body,
Lacks a lucidum,
Has sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands,
.075 to .150 mm thick

23
Q

What are some variations in the epidermis in regards to color and skin markings?

A

Hemoglobin,
Melanin,
Carotene,
Nevis,
Freckles,
Hemangioma,
Friction ridges

24
Q

Coloring from hemoglobin?

A

An oxygen binding compound that is present in red blood cells.
Bright red color upon binding oxygen,
Gives blood vessels in dermis a reddish tint,
Seen most easily in those who are fair skinned,
More visible if the blood vessels dilate

25
Q

Color from melanin:

A

Produced and stored in melanocytes,
Black, brown, tan, and yellow brown shades,
Transferred to keratinocytes in stratum basale,
Amount depends on heredity and light exposure,
UV light stimulates melanin production,
All people have same amount of melanocytes- the activity and color depends on individual

26
Q

Color from carotene:

A

Yellow orange,
From yellow orange veggies,
Accumulate inside subcutaneous fat and keratinocytes of corneum,
Converted to vitamin A within body,
Plays a role in vision and reducing free radicals in immune function

27
Q

What is a Nevus?

A

Mole,
Harmless overgrowth of melanin,
Rarely malignant

28
Q

What are freckles?

A

Yellowish or brown spots,
Area of increased melanocyte activity,
Based on sun exposure and heredity

29
Q

What is hemangioma?

A

Skin discoloration due to benign blood vessel tumor

30
Q

Capillary hemangiomas

A

Bright red to deep purple nodules,
Present at birth but disappear in childhood,
Strawberry colored birthmarks

31
Q

Cavernous hemangioma’s

A

Larger dermal blood vessels,
may last lifetime,
Port wine stains

32
Q

What are friction ridges?

A

Complex arches and whorls on finger, palms, soles and toes.
Form large folds and valleys of dermis and epidermis,
Help increase friction on contact,
Each individual has a unique pattern of friction ridges, allows for personal identification.

33
Q

Dermis:

A

Deep to epidermis, .5 mm to 3 mm,
composed of connective tissue,
collagen elastic and reticular fibers,
Motile dendritic cells serving immune function,
Blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, arrector pili,
Divided between papillary layer and deeper reticular layer.

34
Q

Papillary layer of dermis:

A

Composed of areolar connective tissue,
Contain capillaries and sensory nerve endings,
Projection of epidermis in interdigitating with papillae is called epidermal ridges,
Interlock and increase the area of contact between layers

35
Q

Reticular layer of dermis:

A

Deep and major portion of dermis,
Extends from papillary to subcutaneous layer,
Consists of dense irregular connective tissue,
Large bundles of collagen fibers,
Interwoven to a mesh work surrounding structures in dermis.

Integumentary Lecture Flashcards (1 decks)

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