Integument Disorders Flashcards
What is cellulitis? What are the most common areas of entry for the MO? Will the MO spread? To where? Is recurrence an issue?
Bacterial infection (Staphylococcus aures and Strep pyrogenes) of the deeper dermis + SQ layer. Leg, hands + pinna of ear. Yes, can spread through tissue spaces and affect lymphatic system. Recurrence is a big problem.
What are 3 etiologic/RF for cellulitis?
Compromised skin (wound, ulcer etc), ageing (compromised skin), and immunocompromised.
What are 5 manifestations of cellulitis?
Erythema, warmth, edema, fever, pain.
What is the treatment for mild cellulitis? Severe? What are 4 complications of untreated cellulitis?
MILD: PO abx. SEVERE: IV abx (7-14 d). COMPLICATIONS: lymphangitis, gangrene, sepsis + abcesses.
What is psoriasis? What sort of pattern does this disease present as?
Chronic inflammatory disorder. Remission + exacerbations.
What is the claimed etiologic factor for psoriasis? What are 2 assumed etiologic factors?
Idiopathic. Genetic component (30%). Autoimmunity (non-traditional).
What is the patho for psoriasis?
T cell autoimmune response. Skin trauma - T cell activation - release of mediators that result in abnormal growth of keratinocyte + BVs. Influx of inflammatory cells resulting in inflammatory damage.
Increased epidermal cell cycle resulting in cells stacking on one another rather than shedding results in scaly patches being formed on skin
What are 3 manifestations of psoriasis?
Psoriatic patches (elbow, knee, sacral region). Nail dystrophy + pitting (abnormal growth of keratinocyte), and psoriatic arthritis to distal joints.
Is there a cure for psoriasis? What are 3 treatment options for mild psoriasis? 4 treatments for severe?
No. MILD: Topical Vit. D (modulate keratinocytes + regulate T cells), topical steroids, topical retinoids (anti-inflm + modulate keratinocytes). SEVERE: methotrexate, cyclosporine (immunosuppressive properties), phototherapy (UVB), biologic agents (TNF).
What are the 3 common types of skin cancer? Which two make up 90% of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Basal cell + squamous cell = 90%
What is the pre-CA skin lesion called in skin cancer? Prevalence is proportional to ___. and Inversely proportional to ____. If detected early there is a ___% cure rate.
Actinic keratosis. Age. Melanin. 95%
What is the etiologic factor for skin cancer?
Excessive exposure to sunlight + tanning beds. Cumulative sunlight for some, intense sunlight for others.
What are the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma? Cell of origin? Prognosis + why? Where do lesions appear? What will the cancer do at a local level? How is it diagnosed + treated?
Basal cell in epidermis. Good prognosis because it advances slowly, has a uniform lesion, and doesn’t mets. On exposed areas (face, neck, head). Invade + destroy local tissue. Biopsy for Dx and Tx.
What are the characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma skin cancer? Cell of origin? Progression? Lesions located where? Are the lesions defined well… What does this mean? Do the lesions appear the same on everyone? Where might the tumor infiltrate? Will it mets? If so, where? If untreated what can occur?
Keratinocyte in epidermis. Progresses faster than basal. Lesions located on exposed areas. Has a variable appearance + poorer defined lesions which makes it difficult to Dx. May infiltrate local stuctures and mets via lymph nodes and eventually blood. Can result in death if untreated.
What are the characteristic of malignant melanoma skin cancer? Cell of origin? Progression? Mets? Where are lesions locate? What is this type of cancer related to more so than the other 2 types? Fatal?
Melanocyte. Rapid progression + is worst of 3 forms. Mets easily to bone, lungs, liver. Lesions are located in exposed + non-exposed areas. This cancer is more so related to intense exposure to sunlight rather than cumulative. Can be yes.
