Integument Conditions Flashcards
What population has the highest risk of developing bacterial skin infections?
Immunocompromised children
What are primary skin lesions?
Changes in previously intact skin from a causative agent (ex. chicken pox)
What are some examples of primary skin lesions? (2)
- Vesicle
- Pustule
What are secondary skin lesions?
Changes from aggrevating a primary lesion (ex. rubbing, scratching, medications)
What are some examples of secondary skin lesions? (3)
- Scar
- Crust
- Keloid
What type of infection is impetigo?
Bacterial infection
Impetigo is ______
Highly contagious
When is incidence of impetigo more prevalent?
Late summer (hot / humid climate)
What is the characteristic manifestation of impetigo?
Honey-colored crusts (due to drainage of lesions)
Describe the pathophysiology of impetigo (3)
- Begins as small red macules
- Progresses to vesicles / pustules
- Blisters rupture easily to create weeping, open lesions
What are the 2 forms of impetigo?
- Impetigo contagiosa
- Bullous impetigo
Describe impetigo contagiosa
Crusted lesions
Describe bullous impetigo
Bullae (large, bubbling, fluid-filled blisters)
______ can occur secondary to impetigo as a result of infection
Regional lymphadenopathy
What causes spreading of impetigo?
Scratching the skin and then touching another area
Where do lesions from impetigo usually occur? (3)
- Surrounding mouth / nose
- Extremities
- Buttocks
Describe the treatment of impetigo (2)
- Topical antibiotics - Bactroban
- Oral systemic antibiotics - Cephalosporin / Penicillin
Describe the education associated with impetigo (3)
- Gentle soaking in warm, soapy water to remove crusts
- Keep child’s nails short
- DO NOT share towels / personal items
How long should a child remain out of school for after the initiation of systemic antibiotics?
24 - 48 hours
What type of infection is cellulitis?
Bacterial infection
What are the manifestations of cellulitis? (5)
- Redness
- Swelling
- Hot skin
- Firm infiltration
- Fever / malaise
Describe the treatment of cellulitis (2)
- Oral systemic antibiotics - Cephalosporin / Penicillin
- Warm compress
Why is a warm compress used for children with cellulitis?
Vasodilation to promote blood flow to infected area
______ may be associated with facial cellulitis
Otitis media
______ may be associated with peri-orbital cellulitis
Meningitis
What type of infection is candidiasis?
Fungal infection
What environment promotes the growth of fungal infections?
Moist areas
What are the manifestations of candidiasis? (2)
- White patches
- Pruritus
Describe the treatment of candidiasis
Anti-fungals - Nystatin
What forms of candidiasis are common in infants? (2)
- Diaper dermatitis
- Oral thrush
What form of candidiasis is common in older females?
Vaginal yeast infection
Describe the education associated with candidiasis (2)
- Wash bottles thoroughly
- DO NOT allow infant to sleep with bottle in mouth
What type of infection is tinea corporis (ringworm)?
Fungal infection
What is the characteristic manifestation of tinea corporis (ringworm)?
Ring-shaped rash with a clear center and red border
What are some sources in which tinea corporis (ringworm) is commonly transmitted? (2)
- Pets
- Wrestling mats
Describe the treatment of tinea corporis (ringworm)
Anti-fungals - OTC
What type of infection is tinea cruris (jock itch)?
Fungal infection
What population is tinea cruris (jock itch) most prevalent in?
Adolescent males (teach good hygiene)
What is the characteristic manifestation of tinea cruris (jock itch)?
Red, itchy rash in groin / scrotum area
Describe the treatment of tinea cruris (jock itch) (3)
- Anti-fungals - OTC
- Warm compress
- Sitz bath
What type of infection is tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)?
Fungal infection
What is the characteristic manifestation of tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)?
Lesions on plantar surface of feet / between toes
Describe the treatment of tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
Anti-fungals - Terbinafine
What are infestations?
Highly contagious infections from parasites
What is pediculosis capitis (head lice)?
Infestation of the scalp
What population is pediculosis capitis (head lice) most prevalent in?
3 - 10 years old
What is the primary source in which pediculosis capitis (head lice) is commonly transmitted?
The classroom
How is pediculosis capitis (head lice) transmitted?
Head-to-head contact / fomites
Describe the pathophysiology of pediculosis capitis (head lice) (2)
- White eggs (nits) are attached to proximal end of hair shaft
- Nymphs emerge from eggs
What is the characteristic manifestation of pediculosis capitis (head lice)?
Persistent itching of the scalp
Describe treatment of pediculosis capitis (head lice) (2)
- Anti-parasites - Permethrin (Nix)
- Removal of nit cases with fine toothed comb
Describe education associated with pediculosis capitis (head lice) (4)
- Wash all clothing / towels / linens with hot water
- Soak combs in lice-killing products for 10 minutes after use
- Assess other house members
- DO NOT cut / shave the child’s hair
What is scabies?
Infestation of scabies mites that burrow into the epidermis / lay eggs
What population is scabies most prevalent in?
< 2 years old
How is scabies transmitted?
Person-to-person contact / fomites
Describe the presentation of scabies manifestations
Asymptomatic for 30 - 60 days after contact
What are the manifestations of scabies? (3)
- Pruritus - worse at night **
- Red macules
- Small, thread-like burrows with black dot
Describe treatment of scabies (3)
- Scabicide lotions / creams - prescription
- Antihistamines for pruritus
- Antibiotics
Describe education associated with scabies (2)
- Wash all clothing / towels / linens with hot water
- Assess other house members
What are the 2 forms of diaper dermatitis?
- Irritant diaper dermatitis
- Candidal diaper dermatitis
What is the characteristic manifestation of irritant diaper dermatitis?
Red, shiny rash
What is the characteristic manifestation of candidal diaper dermatitis?
Beefy red central rash with satellite pustules
What population is diaper dermatitis most prevalent in?
9 - 12 months old
What are the risk factors of diaper dermatitis? (3)
- Bottle-feeding
- Use of disposable diapers
- Urine / stool against skin for prolonged period of time
Prior to treatment of diaper dermatitis, it is important to determine …
Whether fungal or non-fugal
Describe the treatment of diaper dermatitis (4)
- Barrier creams - Desitin
- If fungal - Nystatin
- Petroleum jelly / zinc oxide
- Low-dose steroid creams - 1% hydrocortisone (severe cases)
Describe education associated with diaper dermatitis (2)
- Increase frequency of diaper changes
- Avoid baby powder
What is the characteristic manifestation of seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)?
Scaly, oily patches on scalp
What population is seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) most prevalent in?
8 - 12 months old
Where does seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) occur in infants?
Scalp
Where does seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) occur in adolescents? (3)
- Eyebrows
- Forehead
- External ear
Describe the education associated with seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) in infants (2)
- Mild, non-medicated shampoo
- Let shampoo sit for several hours and remove with fine-toothed comb
Describe the education associated with seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) in adolescents (2)
- Medicated shampoo (sulfur / salicylic acid)
- Topical corticosteroid lotion BID
