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integument-micro > integument > Flashcards

integument Flashcards

1
Q

this is the largest organ in the body

A

skin

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2
Q

skin functions:
_____: barrier against the invasion of physical , chemical , and biological agents
-prevents loss of ___ and __
- ___ regulation-arterio-venous anastomosis , hair elevation and sweating assists in this function.
-sensation
-__ permits movement
-immune function
-___ -sweating helps maintain ion and water balance
-___ homeostasis-UV light absorbed thrugh skin has a role in production of vit D
-___ storage_lipids in adipose tissue within subcutaneous CT

A 
Protection
water and electrolytes
temperature regulation
elasticity
excretion
calcium homeostasis
energy storage
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3
Q

skin regions

A

epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

-Stratified squamous epithelium , AVAScular, THICK barrier, contains the cells: keratinocytes (most common), non-keratinocytes: langerhans cells, merkel’s cells, melanocytes, and variable numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes

A

EPIDERMIS

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5
Q

this part of the skin has a papillary and reticular layer , MESODERMAL origin, CT(principal component) , VAScular and nervous supply, and supports the epidermis,

A

DERMIS

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6
Q

dermis has 2 layers: this layer is where loose CT is found , type I and III collagen, and found in mast cells, macrophages, vessels and nerves

A

papillary layer of dermis

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7
Q

dermis has 2 layers: this layer is where dense IRREGULAR CT is, Type I collagen , network of elastic fibers and found in blood vessels and nerves

A

reticular layer of dermis

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8
Q

what is the order of formation of the strata of the epidermis of the skin

A 
stratum basale 
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
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9
Q

This portion has an

  • epidermal dermal junction ,
  • single layer of cuboidal to columnar cells,
  • rests on the basal lamina,
  • is the area of mitotic activity,
  • and may have the presence of melanocytes
A

stratum basale

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10
Q

This layer is

  • cuboidal or slightly flattened
  • desmosomes and increased number of tonofilaments give SPINY appearance
  • cells are cohesive and they resist abrasion
  • cells in this layer retain capacity for division if needed
A

stratum spinosum

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11
Q

This layer is

  • 3-5 layers cells start to flatten
  • keratohyalin granules present (bind w/keratin filaments)
  • stains basophilic
  • lamellar granules (secreted to from waterproof lipid sheets)
  • NO MITOTIC ACTIVITY
  • LAST LIVING LAYER
A

stratum granulosum

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12
Q

This layer is -translucent

  • many keratin filaments, desmosomes present
  • cellular organelles are gone now- fully keratinized
  • cytoplasm contains eleidin (protein related to keratin)
A

stratum lucidum

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13
Q

This is the most superficial layer

  • 15-20 layers thick
  • cells consist of keratin
  • known as HORNY cells surrounded by a thicker plasma membrane coated by a thicker plasma membrane
  • cells continuously shed here
A

stratum corneum

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14
Q

-production of stratum corneum by terminal epidermal differentiation is known as

A

cornification

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15
Q

what produces melanin?these cells also are present in the stratum basale, have neural crest origin, are stable cells and -live for years .
-Absorbs harmful UV radiation by transforming energy into harmless amts of heat
protects cells from effects of UV radiation
-must have tyrosine for proper function

A

melanocytes

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16
Q

this is the most common form of melanin, brown/black pigment

A

eumelanin

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17
Q

red brown polymer largely responsible for red hair and freckles

A

pheomelanin

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18
Q

if there is no tyrosine this means there is no melanin therefore this results in an ______

A

albino animal

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19
Q

langerhans cells have a function in the ___ __

A

immune system

20
Q

this is an epidermal invagination has a glassy membrane - a thick BM.

A

hair follicle

21
Q

These parts compose a?

  • medulla- loose cuboidal cells, air filled areas
  • cortex- dense compact keratinized cells parallel to hair shaft
  • cutilce- single layer of flat keratinzed cells
A

hair

22
Q

layers of a hair follicle

A

-dermal papilla-carries blood supply to cells of hair
-root sheath :
external glassy membrane
external root sheath
internal root sheath
cuticle

23
Q

types of hair follicles

A

primary and secondary

24
Q

this type of hair follicle is large diameter , rooted deep in dermis, sebaceous gland, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands

A

primary hair follicle

25
Q

this type of hair follicle is smaller diameter, rooted near the surface, +/- sebaceous gland , no sweat glands

A

secondary hair follicle

26
Q

clusters of several hair follicles , follicles merge at the level of the sebaceous gland and emerge through one external orifice

A

compound hair follicle

27
Q

compound hair follicles usualy have ___ primary follicle and __secondary follicles

A

one, and several

28
Q

what are examples of modifications of the skin

A

hoof, claws, nails

29
Q
  • variations of the stratum corneum
  • underlain by highly vascular dermis
  • lack stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum
A

hooves and claws

30
Q

This is a highly modified specialized skin derivative that protects and encloses the end if the digits of an ungulate animal
-equivalent to nail or claw

A

hoof

31
Q

There are 2 main layers of a hoof

A

outer epidermis and underlying dermis.corium(contains nerves and massive network of blood vessels)

32
Q

HOof wall:this is the thin layer , external layer is known as “glaze” ab=nd is a continuation of the perioplic epidermis

A

stratum tectorium

33
Q

Hoof wall: main supportive layer
-tubular and intertubular horn produced by the stratum basale and stratum spinosum of the epidermis of the coronary groove

A

stratum medium

34
Q

hoof wall: lamellar horn = INSENSITIVE LAMELLAE

A

stratum lamellatum/internum

35
Q

hoof wall: SENSITIVE LAMIMNAE

A

laminar corium/ dermis

36
Q

these granules bind with keratin filaments

A

keratohyalin granules

37
Q

these bodies are secreted by cells to form water proof lipid sheets

A

lamellar bodies

38
Q

ear wax=

A

cerumen

39
Q

oil production

A

sebum

40
Q

a type of secretion where the membrane pinches together to release product

A

apocrine

41
Q

this is where the gland is the product

A

holocrine

42
Q

arrector pili muscle?

and merocrine gland?

A

refer to PPT

43
Q

these cells are present in thick skin near stratum basale, may be sensory mechanoreceptors for cutaneous sensation

A

merkel’s cells

44
Q

these are upward projections of the superficial dermis

A

dermal papillae

45
Q

contractile cells that wrap around a gland to help with secretion

A

myoepothelial cells

integument-micro (1 decks)

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